CMOS-Integrated PMUT Array Layout for High-Resolution Fingerprint Sensing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional MEMS devices for fingerprint sensing, such as CMUT linear arrays, face challenges in achieving high resolution due to manufacturing limitations and are prone to errors from skin conditions and sensor contamination.

Innovation Solution

The integration of piezoelectric MEMS transducers (PMUTs) on integrated circuit (IC) for fingerprint sensing, which includes a PMUT structure with a piezoelectric material, a first metal conductive layer, and a plurality of metal electrodes forming electrical connections between the conductive layers and a CMOS structure, vertically stacked to enhance resolution and robustness.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional manufacturing processes (traditional polishing and sawing from bulk piezoelectric materials) are used, then ease of manufacture is maintained, but manufacturing precision deteriorates (cannot achieve required 300 dpi or higher resolution)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransducer resolutionVSAvoidfabrication complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the bulk piezoelectric material into multiple thin layers through lamination of separate piezoelectric layers onto a substrate. This segmentation enables achieving high resolution (300 dpi or higher) by creating thinner, more precisely controllable individual layers, while still using conventional manufacturing processes for each layer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from conventional planar manufacturing to a vertically stacked laminated structure. By adding the vertical dimension with multiple piezoelectric layers laminated onto the substrate, the patent achieves higher resolution in the horizontal plane while maintaining compatibility with existing manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Manufacturing precision

If CMUT linear arrays are used for fingerprint detection, then manufacturing precision is improved (can achieve required resolution), but reliability deteriorates (prone to skin condition and sensor contamination errors)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransducer resolutionVSAvoiddetection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite piezoelectric materials (PZT and PVDF) with different properties - PZT provides high piezoelectric coefficient for strong signal, while PVDF offers flexibility and resistance to contamination. This composite approach maintains high resolution while improving reliability against skin conditions and sensor contamination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the material parameter from capacitive (CMUT) to piezoelectric (PMUT), fundamentally altering the detection mechanism. This parameter change makes the sensor less susceptible to skin conditions and contamination, improving reliability while maintaining the required manufacturing precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If piezoelectric materials are integrated on IC for fingerprint sensing, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefingerprint sensing accuracyVSAvoidintegration complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the piezoelectric transducer structure with the CMOS substrate by laminating piezoelectric layers directly onto the IC. This merging integrates the sensing function with the processing substrate, improving measurement precision while managing device complexity through a unified stacked architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a multi-functional integrated device where the stacked structure serves multiple purposes: the piezoelectric layers provide sensing capability, the CMOS substrate provides processing capability, and the combined structure enables both high measurement precision and compact integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed solution improves the resolution and accuracy of fingerprint sensing by overcoming manufacturing limitations and reducing the impact of skin and sensor contamination, while also integrating effectively with CMOS structures for enhanced performance.

Implementation Method 1

piezoelectric material disposed within the MEMS device comprising a piezoelectric MUT (PMUT) array of a fingerprint sensor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

piezoelectric material disposed within the MEMS device comprising a piezoelectric MUT (PMUT) array of a fingerprint sensor adapted to sense a characteristic of a fingerprint

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConverse piezoelectric effect: Converse Piezoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3757884B1Integrated piezoelectric microelectromechanical ultrasound transducer (PMUT) on integrated circuit (IC) for fingerprint sensing
Publication Date: 2025.04.16 INVENSENSE INC
  • EP3757884B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3757884B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3757884B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices and associated methods are disclosed. Piezoelectric MEMS transducers (PMUTs) suitable for integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC), as well as PMUT arrays having high fill factor for fingerprint sensing, are described.