Carbon Nanotube Composite Airfoils for Vibration Damping

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas turbine engine components, particularly fan blades of turbofan engines, face challenges in effectively damping vibrational loads, with existing solutions not fully leveraging the potential of carbon nanotubes in composite materials.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating carbon nanotubes as a filler in the matrix of a fiber composite structure, specifically in the thickness of multiple plies, with a high volume fraction of carbon fibers and a cured resin matrix, to enhance vibrational damping, and using a manufacturing method involving resin transfer molding or prepreg application.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If carbon nanotubes are incorporated as filler in the matrix of fiber composite structure, then vibrational damping is enhanced, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevibrational dampingVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining carbon nanotubes with fiber-reinforced polymer matrices. The carbon nanotubes are dispersed within the matrix material to create a multi-phase composite structure that leverages the high damping capacity of nanotubes while maintaining the structural integrity provided by the fiber reinforcement, thereby enhancing vibrational damping without requiring fundamentally new manufacturing approaches

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the matrix material parameters by incorporating carbon nanotubes as filler at controlled concentrations. This changes the viscoelastic properties of the matrix, increasing its damping capacity. The nanotube concentration, distribution, and orientation are controlled to optimize damping performance while maintaining manufacturability through existing composite processing techniques

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If carbon nanotubes are distributed through multiple plies of fiber structure, then damping performance is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedamping performanceVSAvoidnanotube distribution precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-dispersing carbon nanotubes within the matrix material before the composite laminate is assembled and cured. This ensures uniform nanotube distribution is achieved during the matrix injection or consolidation process, eliminating the need for post-manufacturing adjustments and reducing precision requirements during assembly

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by ensuring carbon nanotubes are distributed throughout the matrix material that spans multiple ply interfaces. This creates localized damping enhancement at critical stress concentration points and through-thickness regions where vibrational energy dissipation is most needed, while maintaining overall structural integrity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The carbon nanotube-filled composite structure significantly improves vibrational damping of turbofan engine fan blades, reducing structural stress and enhancing durability through effective distribution of carbon nanotubes within the fiber structure.

Implementation Method 1

a fiber reinforced composite material including a fiber structure and a matrix material between the plies of the fiber structure. The matrix material includes a carbon nanotube filler distributed throughout the matrix material... the carbon nanotube filler in the matrix material dampens vibrational loads to which the turbine engine component is subject

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibrational damping: Damping

Data Source

PatentEP3022396B1Vibration-damped composite airfoils and manufacture methods
Publication Date: 2019.12.04 UNITED TECH CORP
  • EP3022396B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3022396B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP3022396B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A turbine engine component (100) comprises a fiber structure (125, 126) forming at least a portion of an airfoil (102). A matrix (128) embeds the fiber structure. A carbon nanotube filler (130) is in the matrix.