CO2 Absorbing System With Temperature-Dependent Solution Segmentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing CO2 or H2S reducing systems face inefficiencies due to temperature-dependent absorption and dissipation properties of absorbing solutions, leading to suboptimal performance in both absorption and regeneration processes, and require effective heat exchange management to conserve energy.
Innovation Solution
The system employs multiple CO2 or H2S reducing apparatuses with independently supplied absorbing solutions tailored to specific temperature ranges, where flue gas is sequentially processed through low-temperature and high-temperature absorbers, and lean solutions are heat-exchanged with saturated steam and cooling water to optimize absorption and regeneration efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a single CO2 absorbing solution is used in the absorber, then the system structure is simple, but the absorption efficiency is insufficient due to temperature-dependent properties
Solution Approach 1:
The absorber is divided into multiple absorption zones (upper and lower zones) with different temperature conditions. Each zone uses absorbing solution optimized for its specific temperature range, allowing the system to achieve high absorption efficiency across the entire temperature spectrum while maintaining reasonable structural complexity
Solution Approach 2:
Different absorbing solutions with specific temperature dependencies are applied to different zones within the absorber. The lower absorption zone uses solutions optimized for lower temperatures while the upper zone uses solutions optimized for higher temperatures, matching local temperature conditions to achieve optimal absorption efficiency throughout
2Reliability
If high-temperature steam is used to separate amine solution and CO2 in the regenerator, then CO2 release is effective, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The regenerator is divided into multiple regeneration zones with different temperature conditions. The lower regeneration zone operates at higher temperatures for effective CO2 release, while the upper regeneration zone operates at lower temperatures. This temperature gradient approach maintains reliable CO2 release while reducing overall steam energy consumption compared to uniform high-temperature operation
Solution Approach 2:
The regeneration process is segmented into distinct zones with different thermal conditions. This allows the system to achieve effective CO2 separation in the high-temperature lower zone while using less energy-intensive lower temperature conditions in the upper zone, thereby reducing total energy consumption
3Productivity
If two or more different CO2 absorbing solutions are mixed and used, then absorption efficiency improves, but the system becomes more complex and difficult to control
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of mixing multiple absorbing solutions, the system segments them into separate absorption zones. Each zone receives a specific absorbing solution through dedicated supply lines, maintaining absorption efficiency benefits while simplifying control and management compared to mixed solution approaches
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces separate supply lines and control mechanisms as intermediaries to manage multiple absorbing solutions. Each absorbing solution is supplied independently to its designated zone, making the system easier to operate and control compared to direct mixing while still achieving enhanced absorption efficiency
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances CO2 or H2S absorption efficiency by matching absorbing solutions to temperature-dependent properties, improving overall system performance and reducing energy consumption through effective heat management and solution circulation.
Implementation Method 1
CO2 in the flue gas 1002 is absorbed by the absorbing solution 1005 by a chemical reaction (R-NH2+H2O+CO2→R-NH3HCO3)
Implementation Method 2
heating the absorbing solution that has absorbed CO2 in a regenerator to release CO2 and to regenerate the absorbing solution
Implementation Method 3
the absorbing solution 1007 that has absorbed CO2 is also called "rich solution". This rich solution 1007 is pressured up by a rich solution pump 1012, and is heated, in a rich/lean-solution heat exchanger 1013, by the absorbing solution (lean solution) 1009 that has been regenerated
Data Source
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AI summary
A CO2 reducing system (10A) is constituted by a low-temperature CO2 reducing apparatus (11-1) that includes a low-temperature absorber (1006-1) that reduces at least one of CO2 and H2S by bringing flue gas (1002) including at least one of CO2 and H2S into contact with a low-temperature absorbing solution (1005-1), a low-temperature regenerator (1008-1) that regenerates a low-temperature rich solution (1007-1), a low-temperature rich-solution supply line (12-1) that feeds the low-temperature rich solution (1007-1) to the low-temperature regenerator (1008-1), and a low-temperature lean-solution supply line (13-1) that feeds a low-temperature lean solution (1009-1) to the low-temperature absorber (1006-1) from the low-temperature regenerator (1008-1); and a high-temperature CO2 reducing apparatus (11-2) that is arranged on a side at which the flue gas (1002) is discharged, and that has the same configuration as the low-temperature CO2 reducing apparatus (11-1).