CO2 Sensing Bot Network for Low-Latency Reservoir Leak Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing technologies face challenges in achieving low-latency and ultra-reliable wireless communication for carbon dioxide detection in subsurface reservoirs, particularly in CCS environments, due to limitations in network architecture and communication techniques, which hinder real-time monitoring and leak detection.

Innovation Solution

A low-latency wireless communication system comprising CO2 sensing devices (bots) with a radio unit and microprocessor, communicating over a radio area network with a base station, enabling peer-to-peer data transmission and processing, and integrating with local or cloud servers for real-time CO2 flux monitoring and leakage detection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of time

If legacy mobile communication systems (4G, 3G, 2G) are used for CO2 detection communication, then device complexity is reduced and ease of operation is maintained, but end-to-end latency cannot achieve less than 1 ms due to inherent network architecture limitations

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveend-to-end latencyVSAvoidnetwork architecture complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Loss of timeVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the communication system into multiple functional units: CO2 sensing devices (bots), base stations with low latency units, plane function entities, and servers. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently for low latency operation while maintaining overall system functionality, breaking the bottleneck of legacy monolithic mobile network architecture.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces base stations with low latency units as intermediary components between CO2 sensing devices and the core network. These intermediaries pre-process and forward data with minimal latency, acting as buffer zones that reduce the overall end-to-end latency without requiring complete overhaul of the core network infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If ultra-reliable communication (greater than 99.9999% reliability) is implemented for CO2 detection, then measurement precision and reliability are improved, but latency increases due to additional verification and error correction protocols

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecommunication reliabilityVSAvoidcommunication latency

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system establishes pre-configured communication channels and pre-allocated resources between CO2 sensing devices and base stations. By preparing communication paths in advance with dedicated time slots and frequency resources, the system ensures ultra-reliable delivery without the latency overhead of dynamic resource allocation and error correction protocols.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms where base stations receive CO2 measurements and send acknowledgments to confirm successful reception. This selective feedback approach ensures reliability for critical data packets while maintaining low latency by not requiring full duplicate acknowledgment protocols for every transmission.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #23Feedback

3Productivity

If peer-to-peer communication architecture is implemented among CO2 sensing devices, then communication reliability and speed are improved, but device complexity and coordination requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedata transmission speedVSAvoidcommunication coordination complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the communication functions of multiple CO2 sensing devices through a centralized base station infrastructure. While devices can communicate directly with each other (peer-to-peer), the base station consolidates data collection, processing, and forwarding functions, reducing the coordination complexity that would arise from fully distributed peer-to-peer communication among all devices.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Reliability

If multiple communication components (air interface, bearing network, core network, PDN) are included in the network architecture, then communication reliability is improved, but user plane latency increases due to multiple processing hops

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecommunication reliabilityVSAvoiduser plane latency

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and localizes critical communication functions at the base station level, separating low-latency data plane operations from the core network control plane. By taking out data preprocessing, filtering, and initial routing functions from the core network and placing them at the edge (base station), the system reduces the number of processing hops in the user plane while maintaining reliability through preserved core network functions.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentUS20260036560A1Low-latency wireless communication device and protocol for co2 bot sensing communication

Publication Date: 2026.02.05 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO

AI summary

A low-latency wireless communication system, devices, and processes for carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring for a subsurface reservoir. The system includes various wireless CO2 sensing bots that measure CO2 within the reservoir. The CO2 data is wirelessly transferred between the individual CO2 sensing bots and a base station that communicate with the other CO2 sensing bots as peers within a low latency architecture.