Carbon Dioxide Capture System with Membrane Separation and Direct Air Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies face challenges in achieving negative emissions by completely eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from plants and capturing carbon dioxide from the air to produce a net negative emission effect.
Innovation Solution
A carbon-dioxide negative emissions plant equipped with a carbon-dioxide capture and treatment system, which includes a carbon dioxide-enriched mixture gas generation device, a carbon dioxide conversion device, a final treatment device, and a carbon dioxide direct capture device, allowing for the complete treatment of carbon dioxide within the plant and the capture of additional carbon dioxide from the ambient air.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If a DAC technique is used to separate carbon dioxide from environmental air, then carbon dioxide can be captured, but the system requires significant energy input and complex equipment
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides carbon dioxide capture into two segments: (1) capturing carbon dioxide from plant emissions through membrane separation, and (2) capturing carbon dioxide from environmental air through direct air capture. This segmentation allows each subsystem to be optimized independently, reducing overall system complexity while achieving the total carbon dioxide reduction target.
Solution Approach 2:
The carbon dioxide capture system serves multiple functions: it captures carbon dioxide from both plant emissions and environmental air, converts carbon dioxide into useful products, and provides a comprehensive solution for achieving negative emissions. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate systems and simplifies the overall infrastructure required.
2Object-generated harmful factors
If carbon dioxide is completely eliminated from plant emissions, then negative emissions can be achieved, but the cost and energy consumption increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the concentration parameter of carbon dioxide by using membrane separation to enrich carbon dioxide from low-concentration emissions, making subsequent conversion processes more efficient and less energy-intensive. This parameter optimization reduces the energy required for complete carbon dioxide elimination.
Solution Approach 2:
The system converts harmful carbon dioxide emissions into beneficial products through chemical conversion processes. By transforming carbon dioxide into useful substances, the system eliminates the harmful effect while creating value, reducing the energy penalty associated with complete elimination.
3Reliability
If multiple carbon dioxide treatment processes are integrated, then comprehensive carbon dioxide removal is achieved, but the device complexity and operational difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges multiple carbon dioxide treatment processes (membrane separation, direct air capture, and chemical conversion) into an integrated facility. By combining these processes in a coordinated manner, the system achieves comprehensive carbon dioxide removal while managing complexity through unified design and operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses intermediate carbon dioxide enrichment stages as mediators between the capture and conversion processes. These intermediaries facilitate the integration of different processes by standardizing the carbon dioxide feed concentration, thereby simplifying operational coordination and reducing overall system complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enables the complete elimination of carbon dioxide emissions from the plant and allows for negative emissions by capturing and treating carbon dioxide from both plant emissions and ambient air, effectively reducing the plant's overall carbon footprint.
Implementation Method 1
a separation membrane capable of increasing a carbon dioxide concentration of the mixture gas, thereby generating a carbon dioxide-enriched mixture gas
Implementation Method 2
a final treatment device configured to receive the final residual gas from the discharge part of the carbon dioxide conversion device, and after adsorbing by the adsorbent a residual carbon dioxide in the final residual gas
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a carbon-dioxide capture and treatment system comprising: a carbon dioxide-enriched mixture gas generation device comprising a separation membrane capable of increasing a carbon dioxide concentration of a mixture gas taken therein, thereby generating a carbon dioxide-enriched mixture gas; a carbon dioxide conversion device configured to convert carbon dioxide in the enriched mixture gas received from the carbon dioxide-enriched mixture gas generation device, into a chemically stable compound; a final treatment device comprising an adsorbent, wherein the final treatment device is configured to adsorb the carbon dioxide by the adsorbent, thereby separating the carbon dioxide from other gas components; and a carbon dioxide direct capture device configured to take in air contained in an ambient environment, and supply the taken-in air to the final treatment device or an upstream side thereof in the carbon-dioxide capture and treatment system.