CO2 Capture Tower Layout for Exhaust Gas Temperature Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional carbon dioxide capture systems on ships face challenges due to temperature fluctuations in seawater scrubbers, leading to reduced absorption efficiency, space inefficiency of cylindrical towers, and high regeneration energy consumption, necessitating improvements in both space utilization and energy efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A carbon dioxide capture device with a pre-treatment portion for temperature adjustment using heat exchange between exhaust gas and fresh water, integrated scrubber, hexahedral absorption towers, and sequential absorbent spraying, along with heat exchangers and filters to optimize temperature and absorbent concentration, and a post-treatment tower to prevent droplet emission.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If seawater is used as cleaning water in scrubbers, then sulfur oxides are removed from exhaust gas, but the exhaust gas temperature becomes too low for optimal carbon dioxide absorption
Solution Approach 1:
A heat exchanger is introduced as an intermediary device between the scrubber and absorption tower. This heat exchanger transfers thermal energy from the hot absorbent solution to the cold exhaust gas, mediating the temperature mismatch and enabling both sulfur oxide removal and optimal carbon dioxide absorption conditions to coexist
Solution Approach 2:
The temperature parameter of the exhaust gas is actively changed through heat exchange before entering the absorption tower. By adjusting the exhaust gas temperature to the optimal range of 35-45°C through thermal interaction with the absorbent solution, the system transforms the suboptimal cold exhaust gas into conditions suitable for efficient carbon dioxide absorption
2Ease of manufacture
If cylindrical absorption towers are used, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but space utilization is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The invention inverts the conventional cylindrical shape by adopting a square cross-section for the absorption tower. This geometric transformation increases the tower's effective volume and improves space utilization within the ship's constrained environment, while maintaining structural simplicity through standardized square modules that are still easy to manufacture and install
3Productivity
If absorbent regeneration is performed in the regeneration tower, then the absorbent is reused, but significant energy is consumed for the endothermic reaction
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the harmful waste heat from the exhaust gas into a beneficial resource for the regeneration process. By directing exhaust gas through the regeneration tower, the waste thermal energy drives the endothermic desorption reaction, eliminating the need for external energy input and even producing cooled exhaust gas suitable for direct emission or further processing
Solution Approach 2:
The regeneration tower performs self-regeneration using its own internal resources. The exhaust gas passing through the tower provides both the thermal energy needed for desorption and the flow mechanism for regenerating the absorbent, making the system self-sufficient and eliminating dependence on external energy supplies
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances carbon dioxide absorption efficiency by maintaining optimal temperatures, optimizing space utilization, and reducing regeneration energy consumption, while preventing droplet emission and maintaining absorbent concentration, thus improving overall capture efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
a pre-treatment portion for maintaining the temperature of the exhaust gas at an optimum level required for absorption in the absorption tower by washing at least a portion of the exhaust gas bled off from the scrubber with fresh water supplied from the heater of the regeneration portion
Implementation Method 2
chemical absorption, adhesion, membrane separation, and cryogenic separation. Of these, chemical absorption method that absorbs and captures CO2 using an absorbent solution has been the most widely applied
Implementation Method 3
the regeneration tower undergoes a process to separate carbon dioxide from the absorbent that has absorbed it, thereby regenerating the absorbent. This regeneration process is an endothermic reaction requiring significant energy
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to a device for capturing carbon dioxide contained in exhaust gas. More specifically, it includes a pre-treatment portion for maintaining the temperature of the exhaust gas at an optimum level required for absorption in the absorption tower by washing at least a portion of the exhaust gas bled off from the scrubber with fresh water supplied from the heater of the regeneration portion, and for introducing the exhaust gas passing through said pre-treatment portion into the absorption tower, thereby enhancing the carbon dioxide capture efficiency.