Multi-Row CO2 Heat Exchanger Layout for Stable Temperature Difference

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional air conditioners using CO2 refrigerant struggle to achieve maximum heat exchange efficiency due to limited rows of heat transfer tubes, which hinder effective heat transfer when refrigerant temperature varies significantly.

Innovation Solution

The indoor unit incorporates a heat exchanger with multiple rows of heat transfer tubes crossing the airflow direction, divided plate fins to suppress heat transfer on the surface, and optimized passage lengths to maintain temperature differences, along with CO2 as the refrigerant to enhance heat exchange performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If only two or three rows of heat transfer tubes are formed in the flow direction of the airflow, then the device complexity is reduced, but the heat exchange efficiency cannot be maximized when refrigerant temperature greatly varies

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of heat transfer tube rowsVSAvoidheat exchange efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger is segmented into multiple rows of heat transfer tubes (four or more rows) arranged in the airflow direction, with each row serving distinct heat exchange functions. This segmentation allows the system to handle varying refrigerant temperatures more effectively by providing multiple stages of heat transfer, thereby resolving the contradiction between device complexity and heat exchange efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different rows of heat transfer tubes are positioned to interact with airflow at different locations, creating local quality variations in heat exchange intensity. The first row handles initial heat exchange, while subsequent rows handle progressively different temperature differentials, optimizing overall heat exchange efficiency without requiring excessive complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Ease of manufacture

If plate fins are not divided between adjacent rows, then the manufacturing process is simplified, but heat transfer on the plate fin surface is excessive causing temperature difference to decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveplate fin fabricationVSAvoidtemperature difference between refrigerant and air
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

Each plate fin is divided into multiple sections between adjacent rows of heat transfer tubes, creating thermal zones that prevent excessive heat transfer across the entire plate fin surface. This segmentation maintains temperature differences more effectively while keeping the manufacturing process relatively simple through standardized division patterns.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The plate fins have different thermal characteristics in different regions - divided sections between rows create local thermal barriers that control heat transfer rates. This local quality variation ensures appropriate temperature differences are maintained where needed while allowing efficient heat transfer in other areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Area of stationary object

If heat transfer tubes extend in longer dimensions, then the heat exchange area is increased, but the distance refrigerant moves in the long axis direction increases causing temperature difference to decrease

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchange areaVSAvoidtemperature difference between refrigerant and air
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of extending heat transfer tubes primarily in one long dimension, the design uses multiple rows of tubes arranged in the airflow direction, distributing the heat exchange area across different spatial dimensions. This approach increases total heat exchange area while keeping the refrigerant flow path length manageable, thereby maintaining temperature differences.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The heat exchange function is distributed across multiple rows rather than concentrated in single long tubes. Each row provides localized heat exchange with optimized tube lengths, ensuring that refrigerant maintains appropriate temperature differences throughout its flow path while achieving sufficient total heat exchange area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration improves heat exchange efficiency by increasing the amount of heat exchanged with airflow, reducing processing costs, and ensuring environmental sustainability with low ozone destruction.

Implementation Method 1

heat transfer tubes... allow supercritical refrigerant to radiate heat to the air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

airflow exchanges heat with higher temperature refrigerant as the airflow moves downstream

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

heat exchanger that allows supercritical refrigerant to radiate heat to the air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 4

each plate fin is divided, heat transfer on the plate fin surface is suppressed, and the difference in temperature between the refrigerant and the air is appropriately maintained

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Data Source

PatentEP2031334B1Heat exchanger
Publication Date: 2020.07.08 DAIKIN INDUSTRIES LTD
  • EP2031334B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2031334B1 patent drawingFigure 2(a)~2(b)
  • EP2031334B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A heat exchanger with improved heat exchange performance is provided. An indoor heat exchanger (6) is a heat exchanger that allows supercritical CO2 refrigerant to radiate heat to the air, and includes a plurality of plate fins (11) and a plurality of heat transfer tubes (12). Four or more rows (61 to 72) of heat transfer tubes (12) arranged in the direction crossing the airflow are formed in the upstream-to-downstream direction of the airflow. Each plate fin (11) is divided between at least one pair of adjacent rows (61, 62). The refrigerant flows from the heat transfer tubes (12) in the row (72) on the downstream side of the airflow to the heat transfer tubes (12) in the row (61) on the upstream side of the airflow.