CO2 Injection Orifice for Precise Solid-Gas Dosing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for producing a mixture of gaseous and solid carbon dioxide from liquid carbon dioxide, such as using snow horns, lack precision and reproducibility, especially at low doses and under intermittent conditions, leading to inefficiencies and waste.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising a short, non-insulated conduit with a carbon dioxide injection orifice and sensors to maintain liquid carbon dioxide in a short conduit, converting it to a mixture of solid and gaseous carbon dioxide without significant gas formation, using a dual orifice manifold and feedback control for precise dosing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If a snow horn is used to deliver carbon dioxide, then a relatively large dose of carbon dioxide can be delivered, but precise or reproducible dosing cannot be achieved, especially at low doses and under intermittent conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the state parameters of carbon dioxide by controlling temperature and pressure to maintain liquid phase through the conduit, then uses phase transition at the injection orifice to achieve precise dosing. The liquid carbon dioxide is kept at controlled temperature (above freezing point) and pressure throughout the conduit, and only converts to solid/gaseous mixture at the moment of injection, enabling precise control of dose quantity and reproducibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates feedback control mechanisms to monitor and adjust carbon dioxide delivery parameters in real-time, ensuring precise and reproducible dosing. Sensors detect actual delivery conditions and the control system adjusts flow rate, pressure, or injection timing to maintain the desired dose, achieving consistent results even at low doses and intermittent conditions.
2Loss of substance
If liquid carbon dioxide is converted to solid and gaseous carbon dioxide in a long conduit, then significant gas formation occurs, but a short conduit cannot maintain liquid carbon dioxide under ambient conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The system actively controls temperature and pressure parameters throughout the conduit to maintain carbon dioxide in liquid phase despite ambient temperature conditions. Heating elements or insulation maintain the conduit temperature above the freezing point of carbon dioxide, while pressure control prevents premature phase transition, allowing the conduit to be short while minimizing gas formation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary cooling of the conduit and pre-positioning of liquid carbon dioxide before injection occurs. The conduit is pre-cooled to the appropriate temperature range, and liquid carbon dioxide is introduced in a controlled manner, ensuring it remains in liquid phase throughout the short conduit length and only transitions phase at the injection orifice.
3Device complexity
If conventional methods are used for carbon dioxide delivery, then simplicity is maintained, but waste and inefficiency increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses parameter changes (temperature and pressure control) to maintain liquid carbon dioxide through the conduit, which is simpler than complex phase separation systems. This approach eliminates the need for complex insulation, heating, or cooling mechanisms while minimizing waste, achieving both simplicity and efficiency by relying on fundamental thermodynamic principles.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Achieves precise and reproducible dosing of carbon dioxide with a high solid/gaseous ratio, even at low doses and intermittent delivery, minimizing waste and maintaining efficiency under varying ambient conditions.
Implementation Method 1
a first carbon dioxide injection orifice configured to convert liquid carbon dioxide supplied on a proximal side of the orifice to solid and gaseous carbon dioxide emitted on a distal side of the orifice
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are methods, apparatus, and systems for delivering carbon dioxide as a mixture of solid and gaseous carbon dioxide to a destination. In particular, provided herein are kits for retrofitting a concrete operation to supply gaseous and solid carbon dioxide to concrete in the operation, where the kit includes a conduit to connect to a source of liquid carbon dioxide and to a carbon dioxide injector, the carbon dioxide injector, a second conduit to connect with the carbon dioxide injector, a third conduit to connect with the second conduit, and an intermediate processing unit.