CO2-Neutralized Nicotine Ion Pair Formulation for E-Liquids
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing nicotine formulations in e-liquids can cause harsh taste and unpleasant sensations due to high pH levels, and traditional methods for producing nicotine salts using organic acids are costly and time-consuming.
Innovation Solution
Neutralizing nicotine with CO2 in the presence of a polar protic solvent like propylene glycol and further neutralizing with glycolic acid to form a nicotine ion pair formulation that reduces pH and minimizes adverse sensations, while being less toxic and cost-effective.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If nicotine is neutralized with traditional organic acids to form nicotine salts, then the harsh taste and unpleasant sensations are reduced, but the manufacturing cost and time increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive traditional organic acids with CO2, a cheap and readily available gas. The neutralization process using CO2 is simpler and faster, reducing manufacturing cost and time while still effectively reducing harsh taste and unpleasant sensations in nicotine formulations
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the neutralization parameter from using organic acids (pH 3-8.5 range) to using CO2, which achieves effective neutralization at a higher pH range (6.5-9.5). This parameter change maintains the benefit of reduced harsh taste while eliminating the drawbacks of high manufacturing cost and time
2Reliability
If ammonia is added to freebase nicotine to increase potency, then nicotine becomes more bioavailable, but the pH increases causing harsh taste and throat irritation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the pH parameter from high (ammonia-neutralized) to a controlled range of 6.5-9.5 using CO2 neutralization. This maintains sufficient nicotine bioavailability while eliminating the harsh taste and throat irritation caused by high pH ammonia-based formulations
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts CO2, a waste gas typically associated with harm, into a beneficial neutralizing agent. By using CO2 to neutralize nicotine, the process reduces harsh taste and improves user experience while being cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to traditional organic acid methods
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The process allows for a higher inhalation of nicotine without harsh taste or other undesirable sensations, maintaining a pH that reduces throat irritation and improves vaping experience.
Implementation Method 1
Neutralizing nicotine with CO2 in the presence of a polar protic solvent like propylene glycol and further neutralizing with glycolic acid to form a nicotine ion pair formulation that reduces pH
Implementation Method 2
Neutralizing nicotine with CO2 in the presence of a polar protic solvent like propylene glycol
Data Source
AI summary
Nicotine ion pair formulations neutralized with CO2 are disclosed herein. The nicotine ion pair formulations have the general formula C10H14N2H+CO2Sol−, wherein C10H14N2 is nicotine and Sol is a solvent. A process of preparing the nicotine ion pair formulations neutralized with CO2. is also disclosed herein. An e-liquid comprising a nicotine ion pair formulation neutralized with CO2 and the use of the e-liquid in a vaporization device are further disclosed herein. Finally, a vaporization device charged with an e-liquid comprising a nicotine ion pair formulation neutralized with CO2 is disclosed herein.