Carbon Dioxide Conversion Reactor with Enzymatic Back Pressure Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current carbon dioxide capture technologies face challenges in efficiently reducing flue gas CO2 concentrations while preventing back pressure increases, often requiring high-energy absorbents with strong bonding forces, which can lead to energy consumption and CO2 regeneration issues, or using weak bonding forces that result in incomplete capture due to high flow rates and instability.
Innovation Solution
A carbon dioxide conversion reactor employing a gas supply part, an enzyme reaction part with carbonic anhydrase to convert CO2 into bicarbonate ions, and a gas discharge part, positioned to prevent back pressure, utilizing wild-type or variant carbonic anhydrase enzymes, and cross-linked enzyme complexes to enhance conversion efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If an absorbent having a strong bonding force with carbon dioxide is used, then carbon dioxide capture efficiency is improved, but energy consumption increases and carbon dioxide regeneration becomes problematic
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and utilizes the enzyme carbonic anhydrase from biological systems to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions. This enzymatic catalyst provides high capture efficiency without requiring high-energy chemical absorbents, thus resolving the contradiction between capture efficiency and energy consumption
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the traditional mechanical/chemical absorption system with a biological enzymatic system. Carbonic anhydrase enzymes catalyze the conversion reaction at ambient conditions, substituting the high-energy chemical processes with a biologically-inspired low-energy pathway that maintains high efficiency
2Use of energy by moving object
If an absorbent having a weak bonding force with carbon dioxide is used, then energy consumption is reduced, but carbon dioxide capture completeness deteriorates due to high flow rates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces an aqueous solution as an intermediary medium that contains carbonic anhydrase enzymes. This intermediary facilitates the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions, enabling effective capture even at high flow rates without requiring strong bonding forces, thus maintaining both low energy consumption and high capture completeness
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the reaction parameters by using enzymatic catalysis at ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme dramatically increases the reaction rate, allowing complete capture to be achieved rapidly even with weak bonding forces and high gas flow rates, eliminating the need for high energy input
3Productivity
If the residence time of carbon dioxide in the collector is increased to improve capture completeness, then carbon dioxide capture efficiency is improved, but equipment size and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the kinetic parameters of the carbon dioxide conversion reaction by introducing carbonic anhydrase enzymes. The enzymatic catalysis dramatically increases the reaction rate, allowing the conversion to be completed rapidly within a compact collector, thus achieving high capture completeness without increasing equipment size
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses an aqueous enzymatic solution as an intermediary that provides a high surface area for reaction. This allows the carbon dioxide conversion to occur efficiently in a compact volume, reducing the collector size required to achieve complete capture compared to traditional gas-phase reactions
4Speed
If flue gas is supplied at higher pressure to increase fluidity in a larger collector, then gas flow is improved, but back pressure increases causing capture process instability and equipment damage
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces an aqueous enzymatic solution as an intermediary phase that facilitates mass transfer of carbon dioxide from the gas phase to the liquid phase. This two-phase system allows efficient carbon dioxide conversion at low gas flow rates and ambient pressure, eliminating the need for high-pressure operation and preventing back pressure buildup
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the mechanical pressure-driven flow system with a chemically-driven conversion system. The carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed reaction provides the driving force for carbon dioxide removal, allowing the process to operate at ambient pressure while maintaining high efficiency, thus avoiding back pressure issues
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The reactor efficiently converts CO2 into bicarbonate ions, reducing flue gas CO2 levels rapidly and stably, minimizing back pressure, and allows for the use of absorbents with weak bonding forces, reducing energy consumption and equipment load, while generating industrially usable byproducts.
Implementation Method 1
an enzyme reaction part provided with a liquid filling a part of the conversion reactor and carbonic anhydrase for a reaction of converting supplied carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor and more particularly, to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor capable of converting carbon dioxide contained in flue gas into an aqueous bicarbonate solution that may be used in many applications; and at the same time, preventing back pressure from increasing due to supplied flue gas by allowing a conversion process to rapidly proceed, thereby significantly reducing the level of carbon dioxide contained in flue gas with high efficiency and high conversion speed, a series reactor for converting and capturing carbon dioxide including the carbon dioxide conversion reactor, and a process of converting and capturing carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide conversion reactor.