Coanda Surface Cross-Lighting for LSV Burner Flame Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Fuel-staged burners face challenges in maintaining stable combustion and reducing NOx emissions, particularly during start-up, due to unstable flames and the need for pilots which increase NOx production and operational complexity.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a Large Scale Vortex (LSV) burner system with a Coanda surface that directs fluid flow to cross-light fuel stage tips, eliminating the need for start-up lances and reducing NOx emissions by stabilizing the flame without additional flame-holding devices.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-generated harmful factors

If fuel is staged farther from the centerline to reduce NOx emissions, then combustion intensity is reduced and NOx production decreases, but flame stability deteriorates requiring pilot burners

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveNOx emissionsVSAvoidflame stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A Coanda surface is introduced as an intermediary element that redirects the stabilized flame from the LSV toward the outer staged fuel tips. This mediator enables heat transfer and flame propagation to the distant fuel injection points without requiring additional pilot burners, thus maintaining flame stability while preserving the low NOx benefits of far-out fuel staging

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/pilot-based flame stabilization system with a fluid dynamic solution. Instead of using pilot burners or physical flame holders to stabilize the flame, the invention uses the Coanda effect and LSV fluid dynamics to achieve automatic flame stabilization and propagation to the staged fuel tips

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If a continuous pilot is used to stabilize flame and enable cross lighting, then flame stability improves, but NOx emissions increase due to additional combustion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflame stabilityVSAvoidNOx emissions
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and eliminates the continuous pilot burner from the system. By using the LSV and Coanda surface combination, the patent removes the need for separate pilot combustion, thereby eliminating the source of additional NOx emissions while maintaining flame stability through fluid dynamic mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The LSV-flame stabilized on the Coanda surface serves its own flame propagation function. The stabilized flame automatically propagates to the staged fuel tips through the Coanda effect without requiring external pilot assistance, making the system self-sufficient and eliminating the need for separate pilot burners

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Productivity

If start-up lance is used to heat furnace during start-up, then heating capacity increases, but NOx emissions increase and device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating capacityVSAvoidNOx emissions
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the start-up lance component from the burner system. The LSV-flame combination provides sufficient heating capacity during start-up without requiring a separate high-capacity heating device, thereby eliminating the source of additional NOx emissions and reducing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The LSV-flame stabilization system performs multiple functions: it stabilizes the flame during normal operation, enables cross lighting to outer fuel tips, and provides sufficient heating capacity during start-up. This multi-functional approach eliminates the need for separate start-up lances and other auxiliary heating devices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Reliability

If multiple components and control systems are added to accomplish cross lighting, then flame stability improves, but device complexity and operational risk increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflame stabilityVSAvoidnumber of components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical and control systems with a fluid dynamic solution. The Coanda effect and LSV fluid mechanics automatically achieve flame stabilization and propagation without requiring valves, controls, or multiple moving parts, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining flame stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The LSV-flame-Coanda surface system is self-regulating and self-propagating. The flame automatically stabilizes on the Coanda surface and self-propagates to the staged fuel tips through fluid dynamic forces, eliminating the need for external control systems, sensors, or automated controls

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enhances flame stability, reduces NOx emissions, simplifies the burner design and operation, and allows for the use of inexpensive materials, while eliminating the need for complex start-up procedures and additional components, thereby improving reliability and reducing costs.

Implementation Method 1

a Coanda surface that directs fluid flow to cross-light fuel stage tips

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoanda effect: Coanda Effect

Implementation Method 2

Large Scale Vortex (LSV) burner system with a Coanda surface that directs fluid flow to cross-light fuel stage tips, eliminating the need for start-up lances and reducing NOx emissions by stabilizing the flame

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVortex flow: Vortex Ring

Data Source

PatentEP3217094B2Burner apparatus and method of combustion
Publication Date: 2023.06.28 AIR PROD & CHEM INC
  • EP3217094B2 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3217094B2 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3217094B2 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A burner apparatus includes a fluid-based flame stabilizer for discharging a stabilized flame therefrom, a burner tile, and fuel lances associated with the burner tile. Each of the fuel lances has a discharge nozzle. A Coanda feature having an internal Coanda surface directs a portion of the stabilized flame from the passage defined by the burner tile at the discharge end of the primary flow passage toward at least one first fuel lance of the plurality of fuel lances to cross light the at least one first fuel lance. In another embodiment, a method of combustion includes supplying a first gaseous fuel to fuel lances of a burner apparatus and igniting and sustaining combustion of a gaseous fuel by cross lighting at the discharge nozzles of the fuel lances by flow from the fluid-based flame stabilizer along a Coanda surface of a Coanda feature toward the discharge nozzles.