Coated Silicon Particle Anode for High-Power Alkaline Cells

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Solution Overview

Problem

There is a need for environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and recyclable battery components, particularly silicon anodes for electrochemical primary cells with alkaline electrolytes, that offer high power density and low lithium content, while being suitable for recycling processes.

Innovation Solution

A silicon anode is developed as a three-dimensional shaped body with silicon particles cohesive at contact points, coated with a conductive metallic alloy or metal for electrical contacting, and optionally inhibited against corrosion, using materials that can be recycled or reused, with a focus on minimizing lithium content and maximizing surface area for improved performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If silicon particles are used to form a three-dimensional shaped body with cohesive connections, then power density is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower densityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The anode is divided into multiple silicon particles of different sizes (1 nm to 30 micrometers) that are cohesively connected at contact points, creating a three-dimensional shaped body. This segmentation allows high power density through increased surface area while maintaining manageable manufacturing through standardized particle production processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The anode combines silicon particles with a conductive metallic alloy or metal coating applied to the outer surface. This composite structure enhances electrical conductivity and facilitates electrical contacting, resolving the manufacturing complexity issue while maintaining high power density performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If the outer surface of the shaped body is increased relative to the enveloping body, then current flow is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent flowVSAvoidsurface area precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies that the outer surface area should be at least 5%, preferably 10%, particularly preferably at least 15% larger than the surface of the enveloping body. This parameter change optimizes current flow while providing clear manufacturing targets that balance performance requirements with achievable precision levels

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The conductive metallic alloy or metal coating is applied specifically to the outer surface of the shaped body, enhancing electrical conductivity where it is most needed for current flow, rather than requiring uniform high precision throughout the entire structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Object-affected harmful factors

If lithium content is minimized to less than 0.1% by weight, then environmental friendliness is improved, but energy density may be reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenvironmental friendlinessVSAvoidenergy density
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes lithium from the anode composition entirely, using only silicon particles with cohesive connections. This extraction of the harmful lithium component achieves environmental friendliness and recyclability while compensating for energy density through optimized silicon particle morphology and arrangement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the compositional parameters to exclude lithium and uses silicon particles with specific size distributions (1 nm to 30 micrometers) and surface area characteristics to maintain adequate energy density without lithium content

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The silicon anode provides high power density, low lithium content, and enhanced recyclability, addressing the environmental and economic requirements for battery components, with a larger surface area contributing to increased current flow and extended cell performance.

Implementation Method 1

the cohesive bond is formed at the contact points of the silicon particles by silicon material of the silicon particles in that the silicon particles are i) melted together

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 2

the cohesive bond is formed at the contact points of the silicon particles by silicon material of the silicon particles in that the silicon particles are ii) sintered

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Implementation Method 3

the three-dimensional shaped body having a coating of a conductive metallic alloy or a metal for electrical contacting on at least part of its outer surface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCoating/Deposition: Deposition (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP4235842A1Silicon anode comprising coated silicon particles, method for the production and use thereof
Publication Date: 2023.08.30 XENIONIK GMBH & CO KG
  • EP4235842A1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP4235842A1 patent drawingFigure 1c~1d
  • EP4235842A1 patent drawingFigure 1e~1f

AI summary

The invention relates to a silicon anode, in particular for use in electrochemical primary cells with alkaline electrolyte, in the form of a three-dimensional shaped body with an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein the three-dimensional shaped body comprises silicon particles with a particle size of 1 nm to 200 micrometers, which have contact points, in particular made of silicon, to adjacent silicon particles, the adjacent silicon particles are materially connected to each other via the contact points, in particular the connection between the silicon particles consists of silicon, wherein the three-dimensional shaped body has a coating of a conductive metallic alloy or a metal for electrical contacting on at least a part of its outer surface.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing the silicon anode and the use of this in a primary cell or a battery comprising a plurality of primary cells.