Porous-Particle Coated Yarn for Opacity and Glare Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current window treatments and textiles fail to provide sufficient opacity and light scattering at the yarn level, leading to glare issues, and often rely on solvent-based coatings that are not environmentally friendly.

Innovation Solution

A coated yarn comprising a yarn core with a coaxial coating of porous particles, a film-forming binder material with a low glass transition temperature, and a non-abrasive inorganic filler material, such as zinc sulfide, in an aqueous-based composition, which enhances opacity and light scattering while using a water-based binder for improved environmental safety.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional solvent-based coatings are used on yarns, then the coating provides durability and dimensional stability, but the environmental safety deteriorates due to solvent emissions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating durabilityVSAvoidenvironmental safety
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the coating from solvent-based to water-based formulation. The coating composition comprises water as the continuous phase (60-80 wt%), eliminating organic solvents while maintaining coating durability through the selection of appropriate binders and curing mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the typically harmful role of water (which can cause adhesion issues and slow drying) into a beneficial solvent system. By using water as the primary carrier (60-80 wt%), the formulation achieves environmental safety while maintaining coating performance through controlled evaporation and curing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Illumination intensity

If conventional coatings are applied to yarns, then the coating provides dimensional stability, but the opacity and light scattering at the yarn level are insufficient, leading to glare issues

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight scatteringVSAvoidglare
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality enhancement by incorporating specific optical additives (TiO2, ZnO, ZnS particles) at controlled concentrations (5-20 wt%) within the coating formulation. These particles are distributed throughout the coating to create localized light scattering centers that increase yarn-level opacity without affecting overall coating adhesion or flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite coating material system combining water-based binder, porous polymer particles, and inorganic light-scattering particles (TiO2, ZnO, ZnS). This composite formulation achieves synergistic effects where the porous particles provide structural matrix and the inorganic particles provide optical properties, resulting in both dimensional stability and enhanced light scattering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Illumination intensity

If porous particles are incorporated into the coating, then the opacity and light scattering increase, but the coating formulation complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveopacityVSAvoidcoating formulation
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the coating formulation into distinct functional components: water-based binder phase (60-80 wt%), porous polymer particles (10-40 wt% with 1-50 μm size), and inorganic light-scattering particles (5-20 wt%). This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently for its specific function while simplifying the overall formulation development process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent achieves multi-functionality by selecting porous polymer particles that simultaneously serve as structural matrix, adhesion promoter, and light scattering medium. The inorganic particles (TiO2, ZnO, ZnS) provide both opacity enhancement and UV protection, reducing the need for separate additive systems and simplifying the overall formulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution significantly increases the opacity and light scattering of the coated yarn, reducing glare and providing a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional solvent-based coatings.

Implementation Method 1

The present invention provides unique coated yarns... This coating provides a bright white and opaque appearance as well as heat and light control properties... porous particles... discrete pores dispersed within the continuous polymeric phase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Implementation Method 2

an inorganic filler material... zinc sulfide... Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque. Opacity depends on the frequency of the light being considered.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 3

a film-forming binder material having a Tg of less than or equal to 25° C.... the continuous polymeric phase...

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFilm formation:

Data Source

PatentUS11091874B2Yarn with coating over yarn core
Publication Date: 2021.08.17 EASTMAN KODAK CO

AI summary

A coated yarn has a yarn core and a coating disposed coaxially on the yarn core. This coating contains: (i) porous particles present in an amount of at least 4 weight % and up to and including 20 weight %, each porous particle comprising a continuous polymeric phase and discrete pores dispersed within the continuous polymeric phase, having a mode particle size of 2-50 μm and up to and including 50 μm; (ii) a film-forming binder material having a Tg of less than or equal to 25° C., which is present in an amount of 40-90 weight %; and (iii) an inorganic filler material having a value of less than 5 on the MOHS scale of mineral hardness, which inorganic filler material is present in an amount of 4 weight % and up to and including 30 weight %.