Electric Propulsion Unit With Coaxial Differential and Flexible Coupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric propulsion units for saddle-type vehicles are bulky and costly due to complex gear transmissions, leading to increased weight, power losses, and fuel consumption.

Innovation Solution

A compact propulsion unit design with a coaxial differential and flexible coupling between the drive shaft and bevel gear drive, reducing mechanical components and tolerances, and utilizing a single electric motor to drive both rear wheels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a complex gear transmission is used to transmit power from the electric motor to the differential, then the power transmission is achieved, but the weight, bulk, cost, and power losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmissionVSAvoidweight of propulsion unit
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the complex gear transmission system from between the electric motor and differential. The electric motor is directly coupled to the differential, extracting the unnecessary intermediate transmission components while maintaining power transmission functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The electric motor and differential are merged into a single integrated unit, eliminating the need for separate transmission components. This direct coupling combines the motor and differential functions into one compact assembly, reducing overall weight and complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Power

If a complex gear transmission is used to transmit power from the electric motor to the differential, then the power transmission is achieved, but the bulk and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmissionVSAvoidbulk of propulsion unit
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The complex gear transmission components are extracted and removed from the propulsion unit. Only the essential differential mechanism remains, significantly reducing the volume occupied by transmission components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The motor and differential are combined into a compact integrated unit, minimizing the overall volume of the propulsion system while maintaining full power transmission capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Power

If a complex gear transmission is used to transmit power from the electric motor to the differential, then the power transmission is achieved, but the power losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmissionVSAvoidpower losses in transmission
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The intermediate gear transmission components that cause power losses are extracted and removed. The direct coupling between motor and differential eliminates multiple gear meshing points, reducing mechanical energy loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Power

If precise tolerances are required for the coupling between motor and transmission, then the power transmission efficiency is improved, but the manufacturing difficulty and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower transmission efficiencyVSAvoidease of assembly
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

A flexible coupling element is introduced between the motor and differential. This flexible connection compensates for tolerance variations, allowing assembly without extremely precise tolerances while maintaining effective power transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The design achieves a more efficient, lightweight, and cost-effective propulsion system with reduced mechanical losses and simplified assembly, enhancing the overall performance and reducing production costs.

Implementation Method 1

The flexible coupling protects the bevel gear drive against peaks. Moreover, thanks to the flexible coupling there is no need for very precise tolerances for the coupling between motor and transmission. Small errors in parallelism and orthogonality are balanced by the deformable elements, typically made of rubber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElastic deformation: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP4370810B1Electric propulsion unit for saddle-type vehicles having two drive wheels and vehicle comprising the propulsion unit
Publication Date: 2025.08.27 PIAGGIO & C SPA
  • EP4370810B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4370810B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4370810B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A saddle-type riding vehicle is described having an electric propulsion unit (9). The propulsion unit comprises a casing (23) and, inside the casing (23), a differential (33) connected to a left transmission axle-shaft (39a) and to a right transmission axle-shaft (39b), coaxial with each other and both rotating around a rotation axis (B-B); An electric motor (31) is provided, integral with the casing (23) and having a drive shaft (47) with a rotation axis (A-A) 90°-oriented with respect to the left axle-shaft (39a) and to the right axle-shaft (39b).