Coaxial Needle Injector for Fine Mist Atomization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current laboratory catalyst testing setups face challenges in efficiently handling and reacting liquid starting materials, particularly heavy oils, due to difficulties in achieving controlled experimental conditions and homogeneous mixing with catalysts, leading to inefficiencies in catalytic conversion processes.
Innovation Solution
A coaxial needle injector apparatus with a capillary line and outer tube is used, where the internal diameter of the capillary line ranges from 2-1000 μm, allowing for controlled introduction of gas and liquid, resulting in a high-velocity gas stream that atomizes the liquid into a very fine mist without a mixing chamber, enhancing the interaction with catalysts in fluidized beds.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional spray methods are used to introduce liquid starting materials, then the liquid can be delivered to the reactor, but homogeneous mixing with catalysts and controlled experimental conditions cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The liquid flow is segmented into fine droplets through the capillary nozzle, creating a mist that distributes uniformly throughout the gas stream and catalyst bed, achieving homogeneous mixing without complex mechanical agitation systems
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses gas-liquid flow dynamics through a capillary nozzle to atomize the liquid starting material into fine droplets, leveraging pneumatic principles to achieve homogeneous distribution and mixing without mechanical components
2Reliability
If heavy oils are introduced into the reactor, then the feedstock can be processed, but controlled experimental conditions and efficient reaction cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the physical parameters of liquid introduction by using a capillary nozzle to produce fine droplets with specific size distribution and velocity, enabling controlled reaction conditions for heavy oils without complex apparatus modifications
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces complex mechanical mixing and delivery systems with a simple capillary nozzle that uses fluid dynamics to achieve atomization and homogeneous distribution, reducing apparatus complexity while improving reliability
3Device complexity
If liquid is sprayed without a mixing chamber, then the apparatus complexity is reduced, but homogeneous mixing with catalysts must be achieved through alternative means
Solution Approach 1:
The invention transitions from spatial mixing in a chamber to temporal and spatial distribution through droplet formation and gas stream dispersion, achieving homogeneous mixing without a mixing chamber by utilizing the third dimension of gas flow
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables precise control over the introduction of liquids, produces a fine mist with low gas-to-liquid mass flow ratio, achieving homogeneous wetting and reaction of catalysts, improving the quality of experimental data and reducing the formation of carbonaceous residues, thus enhancing the efficiency of catalytic conversion processes.
Implementation Method 1
allowing for controlled introduction of gas and liquid, resulting in a high-velocity gas stream that atomizes the liquid into a very fine mist
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus and process for spraying liquids and producing very fine mist with the apparatus, the apparatus including: a needle injector that includes a capillary line (1) and an outer tube (8); a liquid supply (5); and a gas supply (4), where: the capillary line (1) is arranged in the interior space of the outer tube (2); the internal diameter of the capillary line in the needle injector is in the range of 2-1000 μm; the capillary line is in active communication with a gas supply (4); and the outer tube (2) is in active communication with a liquid supply (5).