Coaxial Electric Vehicle Powertrain With Compact Multi-Gear Layout

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing powertrains for heavy-duty electric vehicles, such as trucks and buses, require shiftable transmissions for efficient power transfer, but these are not always necessary for electric vehicles, leading to a need for improved, compact, and efficient powertrain designs.

Innovation Solution

A powertrain design featuring a first and second power unit, primary and secondary reduction gearsets, and planetary gearsets arranged coaxially with a common rotational axis, allowing for shifting between multiple gear states and compact packaging, including differential and stator arrangements for enhanced efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a shiftable transmission is used in heavy-duty electric vehicles, then driving efficiency is improved through favorable speed ratios, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedriving efficiencyVSAvoidtransmission complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines two planetary gearsets (first and second planetary gearsets) into a single integrated transmission unit sharing a common carrier and coaxial arrangement. This merging reduces the number of separate components and simplifies the overall structure while maintaining the ability to provide multiple speed ratios through selective engagement of different gear elements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The dual planetary gearset configuration enables the transmission to perform multiple functions within a single device: it can operate in direct gear mode (1:1 ratio) or speed reduction modes through different planetary gear states. The first and second planetary gearsets can be independently controlled to provide various speed ratios, making the transmission adaptable to different driving conditions without requiring separate transmission systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If multiple reduction gearsets and planetary gearsets are arranged in sequence, then favorable speed ratios are achieved, but the extension along the rotational axis increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespeed ratioVSAvoidextension along rotational axis
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLength of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a nested arrangement where the first planetary gearset and second planetary gearset are positioned coaxially with shared rotational axes. The gearsets are arranged such that components of one gearset are positioned within or adjacent to components of the other, allowing multiple speed reduction stages to be compacted along the radial direction rather than extending sequentially along the axial direction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of arranging reduction gearsets in a linear sequence along the rotational axis (one-dimensional arrangement), the patent transitions to a coaxial multi-layer arrangement where gearsets are stacked along the radial dimension. This dimensional change allows multiple speed reduction stages to be accommodated within a shorter axial length by utilizing the radial space around the common rotational axis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Volume of moving object

If a compact powertrain arrangement is implemented, then packaging is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepowertrain volumeVSAvoidgearset arrangement complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple reduction functions into a single integrated transmission housing containing both planetary gearsets. By combining the first and second planetary gearsets into one compact unit with shared components and coaxial arrangement, the overall powertrain volume is reduced while the internal complexity is managed through unified design rather than separate assemblies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP4678939A1A powertrain and a vehicle
Publication Date: 2026.01.14 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4678939A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4678939A1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4678939A1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The disclosure relates to a powertrain (100) for a vehicle (1), comprising: - a first power unit (P1), - a first primary reduction gearset (210), - a first planetary gearset (310), shiftable between at least two gear states, comprising a direct gear state with a 1:1 speed ratio and a speed reduction gear state, - a first secondary reduction gearset (410), - a second planetary gearset (500), shiftable between at least two gear states, comprising a direct gear state with a 1:1 speed ratio and at least one speed reduction gear state, and - at least one drive shaft (610, 620), preferably two half-shafts (610, 620).