Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Regeneration via High-Pressure Oxidation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts lose activity over time, leading to deactivation, and existing methods are ineffective in fully regenerating spent catalysts for reuse.

Innovation Solution

A process involving sequential dewaxing, oxidation at elevated pressures (4 to 30 bar(a)), and reduction treatments is employed to regenerate spent cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts, with optional additional regeneration cycles, utilizing techniques like hydrogenolysis, solvent washing, and calcination in a fluidized bed at controlled temperatures and pressures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional regeneration methods are used on spent cobalt catalysts, then the catalyst can be partially restored, but the activity recovery is incomplete and the catalyst cannot be fully regenerated for reuse

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecatalyst activity recoveryVSAvoidregeneration effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the pressure parameter from conventional atmospheric or low pressure to elevated pressure range of 4-30 bar(a) during oxidation treatment. This parameter change enables complete removal of residual carbon/wax deposits that conventional methods cannot eliminate, achieving full catalyst activity recovery

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention implements a cyclic regeneration process with alternating oxidation and reduction treatments. The periodic application of oxidation (to remove carbon) followed by reduction (to restore metallic cobalt) enables complete regeneration that can be repeated multiple times on the same catalyst

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

2Ease of manufacture

If oxidation treatment is performed at atmospheric pressure, then the process is simpler, but residual carbon and wax deposits remain on the catalyst

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess simplicityVSAvoidresidual carbon/wax content
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The invention elevates the oxidation pressure to 4-30 bar(a), which fundamentally changes the oxidation efficiency and enables complete removal of carbon and wax deposits. This pressure parameter change transforms the oxidation process from incomplete at atmospheric pressure to complete at elevated pressure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Duration of action of stationary object

If multiple regeneration cycles are implemented, then catalyst lifespan is extended, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecatalyst lifespanVSAvoidregeneration process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention establishes a periodic regeneration cycle consisting of oxidation followed by reduction treatments. This cyclic approach allows the same catalyst to undergo multiple regeneration cycles, extending its operational life from single-use to reusable status

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention includes a preliminary dewaxing treatment before the main oxidation-reduction cycle. This preliminary action removes bulk wax deposits, preparing the catalyst for more effective oxidation and enabling successful multiple regeneration cycles

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This process effectively recovers catalyst activity, allowing for nearly complete restoration of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis performance without negatively impacting methane selectivity, thereby improving process economics by extending catalyst lifespan.

Implementation Method 1

The oxidation treatment may comprise subjecting the dewaxed catalyst particles to calcination by fluidizing the catalyst particles in an oxygen containing gas at an elevated temperature and at the elevated pressure of from 4 to 30 bar(a), thereby to oxidize the catalyst particles

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCalcination:

Implementation Method 2

calcination including heating the catalyst particles up to a temperature T and holding the catalyst particles at the temperature T for a period of time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 3

subjecting the dewaxed catalyst particles to calcination by fluidizing the catalyst particles in an oxygen containing gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluidization: Fluidisation

Implementation Method 4

The dewaxing treatment may include hydrogenolysis

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogenolysis: Hydrogenation

Implementation Method 5

The dewaxing treatment may include solvent wash or extraction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSolvent extraction: Liquid-Liquid Extraction

Data Source

PatentUS8809215B2Catalysts
Publication Date: 2014.08.19 SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD

AI summary

A process for regenerating a spent cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes subjecting a spent particulate cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst sequentially to a dewaxing treatment, an oxidation treatment at a pressure of 4 to 30 bar(a) and a reduction treatment, thereby regenerating the catalyst.