Codebook Design for Beam Squint Compensation in 6G Wireless Systems
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Solution Overview
Problem
The existing 5G NR communication standard's codebook design is inadequate for 6G terahertz wireless communication systems, which utilize a large number of antennas and wider frequency bands, leading to beam squint phenomena that affect data transmission reliability.
Innovation Solution
A method and apparatus for generating a codebook that compensates for beam squint by calculating and using frequency-dependent phase shift matrices (PSMs) based on time delay values, allowing for phase compensation across multiple antennas and subcarriers, and transmitting these matrices to adjust beam alignment in real-time.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If existing 5G NR codebook design is used, then device complexity is reduced, but beam alignment accuracy deteriorates due to beam squint in wide frequency bands
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating and storing frequency-dependent phase shift matrices for different subcarriers before actual data transmission. The codebook is designed in advance with compensation values for beam squint across the entire frequency band, allowing the transmitter to directly lookup and apply the appropriate phase shifts without real-time calculation, thus improving beam alignment accuracy while avoiding complex real-time computations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of phase shift values to be frequency-dependent rather than constant across all subcarriers. By introducing frequency as a variable parameter in the phase shift calculation, the codebook adapts to different subcarrier frequencies, compensating for the beam squint effect that occurs in wide frequency bands. This parameter change enables accurate beam alignment across the entire frequency spectrum.
2Reliability
If frequency-dependent phase shift matrices are calculated and applied, then data transmission reliability is improved, but computational complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves the computational complexity issue by performing all frequency-dependent phase shift calculations in advance during codebook design. The phase shift matrices for all subcarriers are pre-computed and stored in lookup tables. During actual data transmission, the system simply retrieves the pre-calculated matrices based on the allocated subcarriers, eliminating the need for complex real-time calculations while maintaining high data transmission reliability through accurate beam squint compensation.
3Adaptability or versatility
If codebook is designed for large number of antennas and wide frequency band, then communication service capability is improved, but adaptability to different scenarios deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the large-scale codebook into multiple smaller subcodebooks, each corresponding to different frequency ranges or antenna configurations. Instead of managing one enormous codebook, the system segments the frequency band and antenna sets into manageable portions, with each segment having its own optimized phase shift matrices. This segmentation improves adaptability to different scenarios while reducing the memory burden of storing a single comprehensive codebook.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local quality by optimizing phase shift values specifically for local frequency ranges and antenna configurations rather than using a uniform approach across the entire system. Each local segment of the codebook is tailored to its specific frequency band and antenna set, providing optimal performance for that local scenario. This local optimization enhances overall adaptability while keeping each local codebook portion manageable in size.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for a first communication node may include calculating a time delay value on the basis of a carrier frequency based on the number of antenna panels, the number of antennas of each antenna panel, and a space layer that can be generated using a plurality of antennas. The method may also include generating a frequency-dependent first phase shift matrix (PSM) according to each subcarrier by using the calculated time delay value. The method may also include multiplying the first PSM by a basic codebook so as to generate a first codebook for compensating for a beam squint of a beam generated through each antenna.