Coded Fluid Path Sensors for Multiplexed Particle Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current lab-on-a-chip devices require microscopic analysis to determine spatially distributed particles, which negates the cost and size advantages of these devices, necessitating improved fluidic devices for enhanced functionality.
Innovation Solution
The development of coded fluid paths with sensors that generate unique digital or analog signals in response to particles, allowing for multiplexed detection without the need for microscopic analysis, using coplanar electrodes and microfluidic channels designed to produce orthogonal digital spreading codes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If microscopic analysis is used to determine spatially distributed particles, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical/optical microscopy system with an electronic sensing system using coplanar electrodes that generate and detect electrical signals. Particles are identified through their electrical interactions with the coded electrode patterns rather than optical imaging, eliminating the need for microscopes while maintaining detection capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates electrical signal copies of particle information through multiple sensing electrodes. Each electrode generates an electrical signal that is a copy of the particle's presence and characteristics, allowing digital reconstruction of particle spatial distribution without direct optical observation
2Productivity
If multiple sensors are deployed for multiplexed detection, then productivity is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple sensing functions into a single integrated sensor array. Multiple coplanar electrodes are combined into one sensor assembly that simultaneously detects particles across multiple positions, enabling multiplexed detection without requiring separate physical sensors for each detection point
Solution Approach 2:
The coded electrode array serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as both the sensing element and the coding mechanism for particle identification. The same electrode structure generates unique electrical signatures for different particle positions, eliminating the need for separate coding and sensing systems
3Measurement precision
If electrode fingers are placed closer together, then measurement precision is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrical parameters (signal frequency, amplitude, and timing) to compensate for variations in electrode spacing. By adjusting the electrical characteristics of the coded signal, the system can achieve accurate particle detection even when physical electrode dimensions vary within manufacturing tolerances
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables simultaneous detection of particles across multiple microfluidic channels from a single electrical output, resolving overlapping cells and accurately measuring cell size and flow speed, thus enhancing the scalability and accuracy of particle analysis without the need for optical imaging.
Implementation Method 1
the first sensor configured to generate an output code corresponding to the coded fluid path based upon a first sensed distortion in a fluid flowing along the coded fluid path over the electronic sensor. The first sensed distortion can be generated by a particle in the fluid flowing along the fluid path.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are coded fluid paths. Also provided herein are devices and systems containing one or more of the coded fluid paths. Also provided herein are methods of using the coded fluid paths, devices, and systems provided herein.