Coin Authentication Using Multi-Angle Optical Imaging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing coin authentication systems, such as vending machine coin acceptors, face challenges in accurately differentiating between coins of the same alloy or family, and fail to recognize plated steel coins, leading to inefficiencies in identification and sorting.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus that capture an image of a coin, locate a unique acquisition area using a landmark, and generate a digital representation of this area, incorporating both common and unique features, which can include structural, chemical, or physicochemical characteristics, to facilitate authentication and differentiation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If electromagnetic signal analysis is used to differentiate coins, then coin identification is enabled, but accurate differentiation between coins of the same alloy or family fails

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoin identification accuracyVSAvoiddifferentiation reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the coin surface into multiple regions and captures images at multiple angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°). By dividing the authentication process into multiple viewing segments, the system captures comprehensive surface features including reliefs, engravings, and microscopic patterns that electromagnetic methods miss, enabling accurate differentiation of coins with identical alloy compositions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from electromagnetic field analysis to optical imaging in a different dimensional space. By capturing two-dimensional images at multiple angular dimensions and combining them to create a comprehensive surface map, the system accesses visual information about surface topology, reliefs, and patterns that are invisible to electromagnetic sensors, thereby achieving reliable differentiation of same-alloy coins.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If electromagnetic coils are used for coin authentication, then material differentiation is achieved, but plated steel coins cannot be recognized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial differentiationVSAvoidcoin type recognition range
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces electromagnetic detection with optical imaging and image processing. By using cameras to capture visual surface characteristics and applying computational analysis of patterns, reliefs, and engravings, the system detects plated steel coins through their visual surface features rather than relying on electromagnetic properties that fail to distinguish plated from solid metal.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the detection parameter from electromagnetic characteristics to optical visual characteristics. By analyzing surface reflectivity, pattern geometry, relief depth, and engraving details captured in images at multiple angles, the system identifies plated steel coins based on their visual surface structure, expanding recognition capability across diverse coin types including plated varieties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Loss of information

If multiple images at varying lighting conditions are captured, then comprehensive coin analysis is achieved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoin feature information completenessVSAvoidimaging system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a universal imaging system using standard digital cameras and adjustable lighting that can capture multiple views and lighting conditions. The same imaging apparatus serves multiple functions: capturing top-down views, angled views, and illuminated views to reveal different surface features. This multi-functional approach achieves comprehensive information capture without requiring specialized complex equipment for each imaging mode.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates multiple image copies of the coin from different angles and lighting conditions, then processes these copies computationally. By capturing redundant visual information across multiple images and synthesizing the data through image processing algorithms, the system achieves complete feature extraction while using simple, widely-available camera hardware rather than complex specialized imaging devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables accurate authentication and recognition of coins, both individually and within families, by generating a unique digital signature that accounts for common and unique features, improving the ability to distinguish between coins and enhance security against counterfeiting.

Implementation Method 1

capturing an image of a coin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP2702570B1Method and apparatus for authentication of a coin
Publication Date: 2023.07.05 ROYAL CANADIAN MINT
  • EP2702570B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2702570B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2702570B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method includes: capturing an image of a coin, locating an acquisition area of the image using a landmark of the coin, the acquisition area comprising a feature unique to the coin and generating a digital representation of the acquisition area.