Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet Partitioning for Strength-Formability Balance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current steel sheets used in automotive manufacturing, such as DP and TRIP steels, face challenges in achieving a balance of high strength, ductility, and formability, particularly in meeting specific mechanical property criteria like yield strength, tensile strength, uniform elongation, total elongation, and hole expansion ratio, while maintaining good weldability and formability.

Innovation Solution

A cold-rolled and heat-treated steel sheet with a specific composition and microstructure, including a carbon content of 0.10% to 0.25%, manganese between 3.5% and 6.0%, and controlled annealing processes to achieve a microstructure of 10% to 45% ferrite, 8% to 30% retained austenite, and optimal cementite and martensite fractions, which enhances strength, ductility, and weldability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If sheets are cooled to quenching temperature below Ms transformation point and then heated to partitioning temperature, then tensile strength is improved, but total elongation and formability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetensile strengthVSAvoidformability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the partitioning temperature (350-500°C) and holding time (3-1000 seconds) to achieve optimal microstructure. By adjusting these parameters, the steel sheet achieves a balance between high tensile strength (1200-1600 MPa) and adequate total elongation (≥14%), resolving the contradiction between strength and formability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite microstructure consisting of martensite (for strength), retained austenite (for ductility and elongation), and optionally bainite and/or ferrite. This composite structure at the micro level allows the material to simultaneously exhibit high strength and good formability, overcoming the trade-off between these properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If yield strength and tensile strength are increased to reduce automotive weight, then fuel efficiency is improved, but ductility and stretch flangeability deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveyield strengthVSAvoidstretch flangeability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent controls the partitioning temperature range (350-500°C) and holding time (3-1000 seconds) to achieve optimal carbon redistribution. This results in high yield strength (1000-1300 MPa) while maintaining uniform elongation (≥10%) and total elongation (≥14%), thereby preserving stretch flangeability despite high strength

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The martensite-retained austenite composite microstructure provides high yield strength through martensite while retained austenite (8-30% by area) contributes to ductility and stretch flangeability through TRIP effect during deformation, resolving the contradiction between strength and formability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Strength

If carbon content is increased to improve strength, then yield strength and tensile strength are improved, but total elongation and hole expansion ratio deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveyield strengthVSAvoidtotal elongation
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies carbon content in the range of 0.10-0.25% and controls partitioning temperature (350-500°C) and holding time (3-1000 seconds) to achieve optimal carbon redistribution. This results in high yield strength (1000-1300 MPa) while maintaining total elongation (≥14%) and hole expansion ratio (≥20%), resolving the contradiction between strength and ductility

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Strength

If manganese content is increased to improve strength and retained austenite stability, then tensile strength and total elongation are improved, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetensile strengthVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies manganese content in the range of 3.5-6.0% and controls partitioning temperature (350-500°C) and holding time (3-1000 seconds) to achieve optimal microstructure. This results in high tensile strength (1200-1600 MPa) and total elongation (≥14%) while using a conventional quenching and partitioning process, avoiding excessive manufacturing complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves yield strengths between 1000 MPa and 1300 MPa, tensile strengths between 1200 MPa and 1600 MPa, uniform elongation of at least 10%, total elongation of at least 14%, and a hole expansion ratio of at least 20%, along with excellent weldability and formability, surpassing the limitations of existing methods.

Implementation Method 1

the sheets are cooled from an annealing temperature, down to a quenching temperature below the Ms transformation point

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMartensitic transformation: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

thereafter heated to a partitioning temperature and maintained at this temperature for a given time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

resistance spot welded joint

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResistive heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3728670B1Cold-rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, resistance spot welded joint and their manufacturing methods
Publication Date: 2023.06.07 ARCELORMITTAL SA

AI summary

High strength and high formability steel sheet and manufacturing method Cold-rolled and heat-treated steel sheet, having a composition comprising, by weight percent: n0.10%≤C≤0.25%, 3.5%≤Mn≤6.0%, 0.5%≤Si≤2.0%, 0.3%≤Al≤1.2%, with Si+Al≥0.8%, 0.10%≤Mo≤0.50%, S≤0.010%, P≤0.020%, N≤0.008%, said cold-rolled steel sheet having a microstructure consisting of, in surface fraction: between 10% and 45% of ferrite, having an average grain size of at most 1.3 mm, the product of the surface fraction of ferrite by the average grain size of the ferrite being of at most 35 mm%, between 8% and 30% of retained austenite, said retained austenite having an Mn content higher than 1.1*Mn%, Mn% designating the Mn content of the steel, at most 8% of fresh martensite, at most 2.5% of cementite and partitioned martensite.