Cold Wall Reactor for High-Salt Wastewater Salt Blockage Prevention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional high-salt high-organic wastewater treatment technologies face challenges such as corrosion, salt deposition, and high operating costs due to the formation of inorganic acids and low solubility of salts in supercritical water, leading to inefficient treatment and energy recovery.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising a cold wall-type reactor with a double-layer housing structure, a multi-level cyclone separator, and feeding systems for waste, oxidant, and fuel, which enables supercritical water oxidation, steam recovery, and salt separation, utilizing countercurrent heat exchange to prevent salt precipitation and recover energy through turbo expansion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If supercritical water oxidation is used to treat high-salt high-organic wastewater, then complete degradation of organic matter is achieved, but salt deposition blocks outlets and valves causing system shutdown
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes inorganic salts from the supercritical water oxidation system through a salt removal device. The device separates salts from the reaction mixture and discharges them externally, preventing salt deposition within the reactor and piping system. This allows the supercritical water oxidation process to continue operating without shutdown due to salt blockage.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a salt removal device as an intermediary component between the supercritical water oxidation reactor and the discharge system. This intermediary device handles the salt separation and removal function, protecting the main oxidation system from salt deposition problems while maintaining treatment effectiveness.
2Temperature
If material is improved to high temperature and high pressure conditions, then supercritical water oxidation can be achieved, but electrical energy consumption increases operating cost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the salt removal function with the heat recovery function in an integrated manner. The salt removal device utilizes the thermal energy from the supercritical reaction mixture to operate, and simultaneously recovers heat from the outgoing fluids. This combination reduces the need for additional energy input while maintaining the high temperature conditions required for supercritical water oxidation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the thermal energy that would otherwise be wasted in the discharge fluids into useful heat through the heat recovery system. The hot outgoing fluids are used to preheat incoming wastewater or generate steam, turning what would be energy loss into a beneficial heat source that offsets part of the energy required to maintain supercritical conditions.
3Ease of operation
If heat energy is not recovered from reaction products, then system operation is simplified, but energy waste increases operating cost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple functions into integrated components: the salt removal device also serves as a heat exchange interface, and the heat recovery system is integrated with the wastewater pretreatment section. This merging of functions maintains operational simplicity while capturing and utilizing heat energy that would otherwise be wasted.
Solution Approach 2:
The heat recovery system enables the process to be partially self-sufficient by using the thermal energy from outgoing fluids to preheat incoming wastewater. This self-service approach reduces external energy input requirements while maintaining continuous operation without complex external heating systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively prevents salt blockage, enhances energy recovery, and achieves complete degradation of organic matter, with COD removal rates exceeding 99.9% and ammonia nitrogen removal rates above 97%, while reducing operational costs by utilizing reaction heat for electricity generation and pre-heating.
Implementation Method 1
cold wall-type reactor is used to perform a supercritical water oxidation reaction on waste liquid
Implementation Method 2
an organic matter is 'burn'-oxidized by using an oxidant under a condition of exceeding a critical point of water
Implementation Method 3
a multi-level cyclone separator is used to perform steam recovery on a reaction product in the cold wall-type reactor
Implementation Method 4
perform steam recovery
Implementation Method 5
the top and bottom of the double-layer housing structure are provided with cooling medium inlets, a side portion of the double-layer housing is provided with a cooling medium outlet
Implementation Method 6
cooling medium inlets
Implementation Method 7
recovering energy through turbo expansion
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure discloses a system for treating high-salt high-organic wastewater and recovering energy, the system includes a cold wall-type reactor (6), a multi-level cyclone separator (16, 19, and 25), a waste liquid feeding system, an oxidant feeding system and a fuel feeding system; The cold wall-type reactor designed by the disclosure is formed by inner and outer double-housing structures, a cooling medium is fed into a gap between the inner housing and the outer housing of the reactor, the fluid on an inner wall surface of the inner housing of the reactor is cooled below a supercritical temperature of the water by using countercurrent heat exchange, blockage of the inorganic salts is effectively prevented. The disclosure is capable of realizing gradient utilization of the reaction heat of the high-salt high-organic wastewater supercritical water oxidation system, and improving a system energy recovery utilization ratio in the greatest degree.