Colored Glass Plate Tin Redox Amber Coloring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing colored glass plates made of alkali-containing silica glass with iron as a coloring component face challenges in maintaining a high mass ratio of divalent iron while minimizing amber coloring and bubble formation, especially when using salt cake as a refining agent, which affects the glass's refining effect and transparency.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating tin into the glass composition to maintain a high divalent iron to total iron ratio and adjusting the water content index (β-OH) to reduce amber coloring and bubble formation, while using a minimal amount of sulfur, thereby stabilizing the glass's properties and refining efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If salt cake (Na2SO4) is used as a refining agent to remove bubbles, then the refining effect improves and bubbles are removed more easily, but sulfur is present as negative divalent or hexavalent sulfur which causes amber coloring
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the harmful sulfur component by using a fluorine-containing compound to transform negative divalent sulfur into sulfur dioxide gas, which escapes from the glass melt, thereby removing the source of amber coloring while maintaining the refining effect
Solution Approach 2:
The fluorine-containing compound acts as an intermediary substance that facilitates the transformation of negative divalent sulfur into removable sulfur dioxide, enabling the separation of the refining function from the harmful coloring effect
2Quantity of substance
If a reducing agent (such as coke) is added in a large amount to increase Fe-Redox, then the mass ratio of divalent iron increases, but hexavalent sulfur is reduced to negative divalent sulfur causing remarkable amber coloring
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful negative divalent sulfur, which causes amber coloring, into beneficial sulfur dioxide gas through fluorine-containing compound treatment, allowing the use of reducing agents to increase Fe-Redox without the harmful side effect
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical state of sulfur from negative divalent sulfur to sulfur dioxide through parameter change (chemical transformation facilitated by fluorine-containing compounds), thereby eliminating amber coloring while maintaining high Fe-Redox
3Object-generated harmful factors
If the amount of sulfur is reduced to suppress amber coloring, then amber coloring decreases, but the refining effect becomes small and bubbles cannot be removed
Solution Approach 1:
The fluorine-containing compound serves as a mediator that enables sulfur to perform the refining function while being transformed into removable sulfur dioxide, decoupling the refining effect from the harmful coloring effect
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes sulfur's chemical state and behavior through fluorine-containing compound treatment, allowing sulfur to maintain its refining capability while being converted to removable sulfur dioxide, thus eliminating the trade-off between refining effect and amber coloring
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively maintains a high divalent iron ratio, suppresses amber coloring, and reduces bubble formation, ensuring a stable and efficient production process with improved transparency and refining effects in the colored glass plates.
Implementation Method 1
When trivalent iron is reduced to divalent iron by the reducing agent, hexavalent sulfur is also reduced to negative divalent sulfur by the reducing agent
Implementation Method 2
a colored glass plate made of silica glass containing an alkali contains sulfur derived from salt cake (Na2SO4) contained as a refining agent in the glass raw material
Implementation Method 3
divalent iron has an absorption peak at a wavelength in the vicinity of 1,100 nm and trivalent iron has an absorption peak at a wavelength in the vicinity of 400 nm
Implementation Method 4
negative divalent sulfur is amber-colored with intense absorption at a wavelength in the vicinity of 380 nm
Data Source
AI summary
To provide a colored glass plate of which the mass ratio of divalent iron as calculated as Fe2O3 to total iron as calculated as Fe2O3 can be stably maintained at a high level while amber coloring derived from salt cake (Na2SO4) is suppressed by reducing the amount of salt cake used as a refining agent, and which has less bubbles regardless of a small amount of total sulfur as calculated as SO3. A colored glass plate which is made of alkali-containing silica glass containing iron, tin and sulfur, wherein, as represented by mass% based on oxides, the proportion of total sulfur as calculated as SO3 is less than 0.025%, the proportion of divalent iron as calculated as Fe2O3 to total iron as calculated as Fe2O3 is at least 45%, the proportion of divalent tin as calculated as SnO2 to total tin as calculated as SnO2 is at least 0.1 % as represented by mol%, and β-OH is at least 0.15 mm-1.