Colour Code Decoding Over Quantum Erasure Channels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for decoding colour codes over quantum erasure channels are complex and require prior projection onto surface codes, making the decoding process inefficient and non-linear with respect to the number of physical qubits.

Innovation Solution

A method for directly decoding colour codes over quantum erasure channels by using a spanning forest to identify and correct erasures, allowing for almost maximum-likelihood decoding in linear time or maximum-likelihood decoding in almost linear time, without the need for intermediate projections onto surface codes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If existing methods for decoding colour codes are used, then error correction capability is achieved, but decoding complexity increases and time efficiency decreases due to requirement of prior projection onto surface codes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror correction capabilityVSAvoiddecoding complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the unnecessary intermediate step of projecting colour codes onto surface codes. By directly decoding colour codes using their inherent stabilizer structure and syndrome measurement capabilities, the method eliminates the complex projection and lifting operations while maintaining full error correction capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention performs preliminary preparation of the colour code stabilizers and syndrome extraction circuits in advance, enabling direct decoding without requiring subsequent projection operations. The stabilizer generators are pre-configured to directly detect errors in the colour code basis, eliminating the need for intermediate surface code representation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If existing methods for decoding colour codes are used, then error correction is achieved, but decoding time increases due to non-linear complexity with respect to number of physical qubits

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror correction capabilityVSAvoiddecoding time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The invention segments the decoding problem into independent syndrome extraction and correction steps that can be performed efficiently. By dividing the colour code lattice into manageable stabilizer groups and processing syndromes locally, the method achieves linear or almost linear time complexity rather than requiring exhaustive global optimization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the operational parameters of the decoding process by working directly in the colour code basis rather than projecting to surface codes. This parameter change transforms the decoding complexity from non-linear to linear or almost linear with respect to the number of physical qubits, significantly reducing decoding time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If direct decoding of colour codes is implemented, then decoding efficiency and speed improve, but implementation complexity may increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedecoding efficiencyVSAvoidimplementation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention creates a universal decoding framework for colour codes that can handle different colour code variants (e.g., hexagonal, square-octagon, square-hexagon-dodecagon lattices) through a single direct decoding algorithm. This multi-functional approach simplifies implementation by eliminating the need for separate projection routines for each code type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention enables the colour code system to decode its own errors using its inherent stabilizer structure and syndrome measurement capabilities, without requiring external projection to surface codes. The colour code stabilizers directly detect and characterize errors, allowing the system to self-correct with simpler implementation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP3923211B1Method for decoding colour codes over a quantum erasure channel
Publication Date: 2026.04.01 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP3923211B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP3923211B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP3923211B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention concerns a method for correcting a colour code over a quantum erasure channel. First, a forest spanning the erased qubits over the lattice defining the colour code is determined and syndrome qubits are calculated for each face of the tiling. If none of the faces of the tiling is touched by more than one tree, the erased qubits of each tree are sequentially decoded according to a trimming process. According a to a first variant of the invention, if a face of the tiling is touched by different trees, pseudo-erasures are first inserted in order to connect these trees and the thus extended forest is subjected to said trimming process. According to a second variant of the invention, where a face of the tiling touched by a leaf is also touched by another vertex of the forest, the vertex belonging to this face and to the forest is inactivated, and when the trimming process is terminated, a linear system with variables associated by the inactivated vertices of the forest is solved.