Comb Polymer Additive for Blister Reduction in Polyurethane Cementitious Flooring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing polyurethane cementitious hybrid flooring systems face challenges such as blister formation due to unwanted side reactions, health risks for workers from hazardous chemicals like lime or calcium hydroxide, and limitations in chemical resistance and mechanical properties.
Innovation Solution
A multi-component composition, specifically a three-component composition, is developed for polyurethane cementitious hybrid systems. This composition includes a polyol component, a hardener component, and a solid component, with at least one of the components containing a comb polymer having a main chain with acid groups and side chains. The comb polymer is present in an amount of 0.001 - 2 wt.-%, reducing the need for lime or calcium hydroxide and minimizing health risks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If lime or calcium hydroxide is added to the cement component to reduce blister formation, then blister formation is reduced, but health risks for workers increase due to severe skin irritation, chemical burns, blindness, or lung damage
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary substance (specifically a carboxylic acid or its salt) that mediates between the isocyanate and water reactions. This intermediary reacts with the isocyanate to form a urea compound that then reacts with water to produce CO2, thereby controlling the side reaction pathway and reducing blister formation without requiring harmful lime or calcium hydroxide additives
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the system by introducing carboxylic acid or its salt, which alters the reaction pathway. The carboxylic acid groups react with isocyanate groups to form urea linkages, changing the kinetics and products of the side reactions, thereby reducing blister formation while avoiding harmful substances
2Stability of the object's composition
If a three component composition is used to reduce unwanted side reactions and maintain shelf life, then stability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines the carboxylic acid or its salt with existing components of the polyurethane cementitious hybrid system, integrating multiple functions into a unified composition. The carboxylic acid serves both as a reaction modifier to control side reactions and as a stabilizer to extend shelf life, thereby maintaining stability while managing complexity through functional integration
3Quantity of substance
If isocyanate compounds react with water to generate CO2 gas, then amine compounds are formed, but blister formation occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful side reaction between isocyanate and water into a beneficial process by introducing carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid reacts with isocyanate to form urea compounds, which then react with water to produce CO2 in a controlled manner, transforming the problematic direct isocyanate-water reaction into a two-step process that reduces blister formation while still producing the desired amine compounds
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of the comb polymer significantly reduces blister formation, enhances chemical resistance, and maintains excellent mechanical properties and workability, while also minimizing health risks for workers by reducing the amount of hazardous substances needed.
Implementation Method 1
the use of the comb polymer significantly reduces blister formation
Implementation Method 2
the reaction of hydraulic binder or cement and water, generally called hydration. Upon hydration the hydraulic binder is hardened to a solid material
Implementation Method 3
the reaction of a polyol and a polyisocyanate to form the polyurethane
Implementation Method 4
the reactive isocyanate compounds can react with water resulting in the generation of amine compounds and CO2 gas
Data Source
AI summary
A multi-component composition, in particular a three-component composition, especially for manufacture of a polyurethane cementitious hybrid flooring, comprises or consists of: a) a polyol component (A) comprising at least one polyol and water; b) a hardener component (B) comprising at least one polyisocyanate compound; c) a solid component (C) comprising at least one hydraulic binder; and wherein at least one of the components of the multi component composition comprises at least one comb polymer having a main chain comprising acid groups, and side chains being attached on the main chain.