Combustion Device Primary Air Distribution Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing combustion installations face challenges in controlling the spatial and quantitative distribution of primary air in combustion chambers, leading to incomplete combustion in dense zones and excessive combustion in less dense zones, due to inhomogeneous pressure loss and lack of precise control over air distribution.
Innovation Solution
A combustion installation design that maintains a single distribution volume for primary air under the grille, with subdivided air inlets and internal aeraulic arrangements to control the flow of primary air veins to specific regions of the grid, allowing for adjustable flow rates and preventing ash accumulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If a single volume for primary air distribution is used under the grate, then the structure is simpler and more economical, but the spatial control of primary air distribution is lost and air flow is dictated by pressure loss which is inhomogeneous
Solution Approach 1:
The single air distribution volume is segmented into multiple independent channels by introducing vertical partitions that divide the volume into separate compartments. Each compartment can be independently controlled, allowing spatial distribution control while maintaining the simplicity of a single volume structure. This resolves the contradiction by providing both structural simplicity and operational control.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the air distribution volume are given different properties by introducing adjustable flow control elements in each compartment. This allows local optimization of air flow to different zones under the grate, enabling spatial control while keeping the overall structure simple. The local quality approach resolves the contradiction by providing differentiated control capabilities within a unified structure.
2Ease of operation
If multiple separate boxes are used to distribute primary air, then spatial control of air distribution is achieved, but the structure becomes more complex and expensive
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple separate air distribution boxes are merged into a single volume by removing the need for independent external structures. Instead, vertical partitions within one volume create separate channels, achieving spatial control with reduced structural complexity. This merging approach resolves the contradiction by combining multiple functions into a unified structure while maintaining control capabilities.
Solution Approach 2:
The single air distribution volume serves multiple functions simultaneously: it distributes air to different zones, provides structural support, and enables controlled flow distribution. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate boxes while maintaining spatial control capability, resolving the contradiction between control and complexity.
3Device complexity
If natural distribution of primary air is used under the grate, then the structure is simpler, but inhomogeneous pressure drop causes air to favor less dense zones leading to incomplete combustion in dense zones
Solution Approach 1:
The air distribution system transitions from static natural distribution to dynamic controlled distribution by introducing adjustable flow control elements. These elements can be adjusted to compensate for inhomogeneous pressure drop and ensure uniform air distribution to all zones, improving combustion completeness while maintaining structural simplicity. The dynamic adjustment capability resolves the contradiction between simplicity and reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates feedback mechanisms to monitor and adjust air flow distribution based on actual combustion conditions. This allows the system to respond to variations in fuel density and composition, ensuring complete combustion while maintaining a simple structure. The feedback approach resolves the contradiction by enabling adaptive control without complex structural modifications.
4Device complexity
If excessive primary air is supplied to less dense zones, then air distribution is simplified, but ash may fly away due to high air speed affecting downstream equipment and grate protection
Solution Approach 1:
The air distribution system is segmented into multiple independently controlled channels, allowing precise control of air flow to each zone. This prevents excessive air supply to less dense zones while maintaining overall distribution simplicity. The segmentation enables localized flow control that eliminates ash flight risks without complicating the overall air distribution architecture.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the parameters of air flow distribution by introducing adjustable flow control elements that can modulate air speed and volume to each zone. This allows optimization of air flow parameters to prevent ash flight while maintaining distribution simplicity. The parameter adjustment capability resolves the contradiction between simplicity and harmful effects.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enables precise control over primary air distribution, ensuring complete combustion, reducing ash flight and equipment damage, and improving the efficiency and safety of the combustion process while maintaining a compact and economical structure.
Implementation Method 1
subdivided air inlets and internal aeraulic arrangements to control the flow of primary air veins to specific regions of the grid, allowing for adjustable flow rates
Implementation Method 2
the solid fuels are introduced into a combustion chamber to undergo combustion, called primary combustion, in the presence of air called primary air
Implementation Method 3
combustion installations integrated into a boiler which transfers the heat released by combustion to a heat transfer fluid, generally water
Data Source
Figure 1
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Figure 3
AI summary
This combustion device (101) comprises a combustion chamber (110), an intake device (130) for supplying the combustion chamber with primary air (P), and a grating (114) which delimits the combustion chamber towards the bottom and is designed to support a bed formed of solid fuel substances (C), and able to move in a direction of advance (Z), the primary air passing through the grating. In order to improve the primary air intake conditions, a single casing (131) has an air inlet (132) divided into several subdivisions (132.1 to 132.3) which are provided so that the primary air flows through them in the form of distinct primary air streams (V1 to V3), each subdivision being provided with a flow-regulating member (134.1 to 134.3). The casing is provided with internal arrangements (137.1, 137.2) which direct the primary air streams leaving the air inlet towards respective regions (114.1 to 114.3) of the grating, which succeed one another in the direction of advance.