Gas Turbine Combustor Spool Piece for CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional gas turbines face challenges in capturing carbon dioxide due to low concentration and pressure in exhaust gases, which are also high in temperature and oxygen, making existing carbon dioxide capture technologies expensive and inefficient.
Innovation Solution
A spool piece for a gas turbine combustor with separate oxidant and recycle-gas injection and extraction ports, allowing for the injection of an oxidant mixture and recycle gas to be isolated before combustion, and the recycle gas to be compressed and cooled for reuse, enabling efficient carbon dioxide capture and reduced oxygen levels.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If excess air is used to cool the combustor can, then the metallurgical limits of the combustor can are satisfied, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas decreases and the volume of gas to be treated increases
Solution Approach 1:
The oxidant flow is segmented into two separate flows: one for combustion and one for cooling the combustor can. This allows the cooling function to be separated from the combustion process, enabling CO2 extraction from the combustion exhaust without being diluted by excess cooling air.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling air requirement is extracted from the combustion oxidant stream. By providing cooling air separately, the patent extracts the harmful effect (CO2 dilution) while maintaining the necessary cooling function for the combustor can.
2Quantity of substance
If a large volume of exhaust gas is treated to capture carbon dioxide, then the low concentration of carbon dioxide is compensated, but the system complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary action by separating the cooling air stream from the combustion oxidant stream before combustion occurs. This preliminary separation concentrates the CO2 in the exhaust stream, making subsequent capture operations simpler and less costly.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of oxidant composition by using pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air for combustion while providing separate cooling air. This parameter change results in exhaust gas with higher CO2 concentration and lower oxygen content, facilitating easier and more economical CO2 capture.
3Quantity of substance
If the exhaust gas is used as a coolant, then the oxygen level in the exhaust stream is reduced, but the temperature control and mixing with oxidant must be carefully managed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the oxidant delivery system into separate channels: one for combustion oxidant and one for cooling air. This segmentation prevents unwanted mixing while allowing independent control of each flow, managing the complexity through structured separation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses the combustor can wall as an intermediary heat transfer medium. Instead of directly mixing exhaust gas with oxidant, the exhaust (or recirculated cooling air) transfers heat through the can wall, acting as a mediator that achieves cooling without direct contamination of the combustion stream.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enhances carbon dioxide capture efficiency, reduces oxygen contamination in exhaust gases, and allows for individual control of combustion parameters, improving overall gas turbine efficiency and enabling effective carbon dioxide recovery for enhanced oil recovery and sequestration.
Implementation Method 1
the spool piece includes an oxidant injection port configured for injection of an oxidant mixture substantially free of recycle gas into the flame
Implementation Method 2
an oxidant injection port configured for injection of an oxidant mixture substantially free of recycle gas into the flame
Implementation Method 3
a recycle-gas extraction port configured for extraction of the recycle gas from the combustor
Data Source
AI summary
The present techniques are directed to a combustor for a gas turbine. For example, an embodiment provides a spool piece for the combustor. The spool piece includes an oxidant injection port configured for injection of an oxidant proximate to a flame in the combustor and a recycle-gas extraction port configured for an extraction of a recycle gas from the combustor, wherein the recycle gas is isolated from the oxidant prior to the use of the oxidant in a flame.