Combustor Wall Aperture Body Cooling Circuit Design
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Solution Overview
Problem
Turbine engine combustors face challenges with high thermal stresses in quench aperture grommets and heat shields due to high temperatures, which can lead to material degradation and reduced efficiency.
Innovation Solution
The design incorporates an aperture body with an inlet and outlet passage system that directs air to impinge against a cavity surface, enhancing convective heat transfer and reducing thermal stresses by forming a quench aperture through the combustor wall, which includes an annular or semi-annular cavity configuration with heat transfer augmentors to improve cooling efficiency.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If quench aperture grommets and heat shield are used in combustor wall, then combustor structure is formed, but high thermal stresses occur due to high temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The grommet is divided into multiple functional segments: an outer portion positioned in the cooling cavity, an inner portion forming the quench aperture, and a textured surface portion. This segmentation allows each segment to address specific thermal and structural requirements independently.
Solution Approach 2:
The inner portion of the grommet features a textured surface with enhanced heat transfer characteristics specifically at the quench aperture region. This local quality enhancement provides targeted thermal management where it is most needed, without requiring the entire grommet to withstand extreme thermal stresses.
2Temperature
If cooling air is directed through inlet passage to impinge against cavity surface, then convective heat transfer is enhanced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The inlet passage, outlet passage, and quench aperture are integrated into a single grommet component rather than being separate components. This merging reduces the number of parts and assembly steps while maintaining the complex cooling functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The grommet serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides structural support for the combustor wall, forms the quench aperture for cooling, and incorporates the inlet and outlet passages for air flow. This multi-functionality reduces the need for additional dedicated cooling components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration effectively reduces thermal stresses and enhances heat transfer, improving the durability and efficiency of the combustor by directing cooling air through the quench aperture, thereby reducing thermal stress and material degradation.
Implementation Method 1
directs air to impinge against a cavity surface, enhancing convective heat transfer
Implementation Method 2
directing cooling air through the quench aperture, thereby reducing thermal stress
Data Source
AI summary
An assembly for a turbine engine is provided that includes a combustor wall, which includes an aperture body between a shell and a heat shield. The aperture body at least partially forms a cavity and an aperture that extends through the combustor wall. An inlet passage extends in the combustor wall to the cavity. An outlet passage extends in the combustor wall from the cavity to the aperture.