Common-Diffraction-Point Gather for Small-Scale Geological Anomaly Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for detecting small-scale geological anomalous bodies, such as faults and cracks, are cumbersome and destroy the consistency of the wave field, making it difficult to accurately locate these bodies using diffracted waves.

Innovation Solution

A method and device that acquire diffracted wave shot-gather data, calculate horizontal distances between shot and detection points, construct common-diffraction-point gathers, and process these gathers using a correction algorithm to obtain a diffracted wave imaging profile, thereby enhancing the detection of small-scale geological anomalous bodies.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If diffracted wave separation is performed in the common-offset domain or post-stack domain, then diffracted waves can be separated from reflected waves, but the consistency of the wave field is destroyed and additional migration algorithms are required

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvediffracted wave separation accuracyVSAvoidprocessing flow complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The method segments the seismic data processing into common-diffraction-point gathers, organizing data by diffraction points rather than offsets or time stacks. This segmentation maintains wave field consistency by keeping related diffracted wave events together throughout the processing flow, eliminating the need for separate migration steps while preserving separation accuracy.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of the conventional approach of separating diffracted waves after stacking or in the common-offset domain, this method inverts the processing sequence by constructing common-diffraction-point gathers first. This inversion allows diffracted wave separation to occur naturally during the gathering process itself, maintaining wave field consistency and eliminating the need for additional migration algorithms.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Measurement precision

If conventional diffracted wave separation methods are used, then processing can be completed, but the processing flow is cumbersome and requires additional migration algorithms

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvelocation accuracy of geological anomalous bodiesVSAvoidprocessing time

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The method merges the diffracted wave separation function into the common-diffraction-point gather construction process. By combining these functions, the processing flow is streamlined to perform both operations simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate migration steps and reducing overall processing time while maintaining location accuracy.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The method performs preliminary organization of seismic data into common-diffraction-point gathers before final imaging. This preliminary action pre-positions diffracted wave events in a format that enables direct imaging without requiring subsequent migration operations, thereby reducing processing time while preserving location precision.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If diffracted waves are used for imaging, then high-precision localization of small-scale geological anomalous bodies can be achieved, but diffracted waves have rapid amplitude attenuation and weak energy

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvelocalization precision of geological anomalous bodiesVSAvoidenergy of diffracted waves

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The common-diffraction-point gather acts as an intermediary structure that accumulates and reinforces diffracted wave energy from multiple shot records. By organizing data through this intermediary, weak diffracted signals are coherently stacked and enhanced, overcoming their inherent energy deficiency while maintaining the high localization precision that diffracted waves provide.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The method continuously accumulates diffracted wave energy throughout the processing of multiple shot records in the common-diffraction-point gather framework. This continuous accumulation process maintains and reinforces the weak diffracted signals throughout the entire processing flow, enabling high-precision imaging despite the rapid amplitude attenuation characteristic of diffracted waves.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentUS12242007B2Small-scale geological anomalous body detection method and device

Publication Date: 2025.03.04 CHINA UNIV OF MINING & TECH (BEIJING)

AI summary

The present disclosure provides a small-scale geological anomalous body detection method and device, and relates to the field of small-scale geological anomalous body detection. The method comprises: acquiring diffracted wave shot-gather data collected in a to-be-processed area and determining target single shot data having a distance to the center point, which is a predetermined distance; calculating a first horizontal distance between each shot point in the target single shot data and the center point and calculating a second horizontal distance between the detection point corresponding to each shot point and the center point; constructing a common-diffraction-point gather based on the first horizontal distances and the second horizontal distances; and processing the common-diffraction-point gather by using a correction algorithm of diffracted wave events to obtain a diffracted wave imaging profile.