Commutatorless Electric Motor with Stator Magnetic Circuit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional DC motors with a mechanical commutator face issues like electrical arcs and brush deterioration, while those without a commutator have low power output and heavy rotors due to the placement of the magnetic field within the rotor, leading to performance and reliability challenges.
Innovation Solution
An electric machine with a magnetic field at the stator, utilizing a magnetic circuit with induction coils and permanent magnets, and an electronic control circuit that synchronizes power pulses with the rotor's position using light beam interruption and a photoresistor, allowing for high-performance operation without a commutator.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If a mechanical commutator is used in DC motors, then the motor can generate sufficient torque and power, but electrical arcs occur between brushes and commutator segments and the brushes deteriorate progressively
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the mechanical commutator and brushes entirely from the motor system. The commutation function is transferred to a stationary electronic commutator that receives position signals from the rotor and switches current in the stator coils accordingly, eliminating the harmful electrical arcs and brush wear while maintaining torque generation capability
Solution Approach 2:
The mechanical commutator system is replaced with an electronic commutation system. Instead of mechanical brushes contacting commutator segments, the patent uses stationary electronic switches controlled by position sensors to achieve commutation, substituting mechanical contact with electronic control
2Reliability
If the magnetic field is placed within the rotor to eliminate the mechanical commutator, then reliability improves by removing electrical contacts from moving parts, but the power output becomes very low and the rotor becomes excessively heavy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the conventional motor configuration by placing the magnetic field in the stator instead of the rotor. The rotor becomes a simple permanent magnet assembly without heavy field windings, while the stator contains the powerful electromagnetic field system, achieving both high power output and elimination of commutator contacts from moving parts
Solution Approach 2:
The motor is divided into distinct functional segments: the stator handles the electromagnetic field generation with powerful coils and magnetic circuits, while the rotor is simplified to contain only permanent magnets and position indication features. This segmentation allows each part to be optimized independently for its specific function
3Reliability
If the magnetic field is placed within the rotor to eliminate the mechanical commutator, then the motor does not have electrical contacts between mobile parts, but the rotor becomes excessively heavy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the conventional motor configuration by placing the magnetic field in the stator instead of the rotor. The rotor becomes a simple permanent magnet assembly without heavy field windings, while the stator contains the powerful electromagnetic field system, achieving both high power output and elimination of commutator contacts from moving parts
Solution Approach 2:
The heavy electromagnetic field system is extracted from the rotor and placed in the stator. The rotor is left with only lightweight permanent magnets and position sensors, dramatically reducing rotating mass while maintaining the ability to generate strong magnetic fields through the stationary stator system
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables high-power output with reduced energy consumption and improved reliability by synchronizing power pulses with the rotor's position, overcoming the limitations of conventional DC motors and achieving efficient torque generation with less energy input.
Implementation Method 1
having said polar pieces a parallepiped cross section; a rotor is placed in between said polar pieces having for each pair of polar pieces in the stator a pair of radial extensions in opposition thereto
Implementation Method 2
which is able to interrupt a light beam; said light passage interrupting means has a window, wherein each time said light beam is allowed a free passage through said window of said interrupting means it excites a photo resistor
Implementation Method 3
Selectively said electrical coils can be added with permanent magnets forming part of the magnetic circuit
Data Source
AI summary
A high performance electric pulse motor without a collector, with an electronic control circuit, capable of performing either with direct current or with alternating current. The motor includes a magnetic circuit at its stator including a pair of stator polar pieces, an induction coil at each polar piece, and a rotor between the polar pieces. The rotor has at least a pair of radial extensions in opposition for each pair of polar pieces in the stator and, attached to the rotor's axis, means opaque to light having a window allowing free passage of light. The motor further includes a permanent light source and a photo resistor.