Compact CO2 Desorption System for Ship Space Constraints
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Solution Overview
Problem
Ship-based CO2 capture systems face challenges with limited space and high energy consumption due to fluctuations in ship exhaust components, CO2 concentration, and temperature, leading to unstable operation and high energy usage.
Innovation Solution
A CO2 desorption system for limited spaces in complex sailing regions, incorporating an exhaust boiler, compact CO2 absorber, lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, CO2 desorber, and intelligent control platform, utilizing waste heat and flexible control methods to stabilize operation and reduce energy consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a conventional CO2 capture system is installed on a ship, then CO2 capture function is achieved, but the system occupies excessive space and consumes high energy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements nested heat exchangers where the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is positioned inside the desorber, and the rich liquid preheating device is integrated within the desorption system. This nested arrangement allows multiple heat exchange functions to be performed within overlapping spatial volumes, significantly reducing the overall system footprint while maintaining all necessary thermal processing functions for CO2 desorption
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines multiple heat exchange functions into integrated devices. The lean-rich liquid heat exchanger serves both as a heat exchange device and as an internal component of the desorber structure. The rich liquid preheating device integrates preheating functionality within the existing system boundaries, merging separate thermal processing steps into unified equipment arrangements that reduce both space and energy consumption
2Adaptability or versatility
If the desorption system operates in complex sailing regions, then adaptability to different conditions is achieved, but operating stability deteriorates due to exhaust fluctuations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a flexible control method that dynamically adjusts operating parameters including steam flow rate, rich liquid flow rate, and heat exchanger temperatures based on real-time monitoring of exhaust gas conditions. The system automatically adapts to fluctuations in CO2 concentration, exhaust temperature, and flow rate by modifying operational variables, thereby maintaining stable CO2 capture performance across varying sailing conditions and engine loads
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates a control method that uses feedback from online monitoring of exhaust parameters (CO2 concentration, temperature, flow rate) to continuously adjust the desorption process parameters. This closed-loop control ensures that the system responds to changes in sailing conditions and engine operation by modifying steam injection, liquid circulation, and heat exchange rates, thereby maintaining operating stability despite external variations
3Use of energy by moving object
If waste heat utilization is implemented, then energy consumption is reduced, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements self-service heat utilization where the desorption system's own rich liquid stream serves as the heat source for preheating incoming rich liquid through the integrated preheating device. The lean liquid from the absorber provides heating to the rich liquid in the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger. This internal heat recycling eliminates the need for external high-grade heat sources, reducing energy consumption while avoiding additional complex external heat exchanger systems
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs heat exchangers that perform multiple functions simultaneously. The lean-rich liquid heat exchanger serves both as a heat exchange device and as an internal component of the desorber structure. The integrated preheating device within the desorber performs both preheating and acts as an internal heat transfer element. This multi-functionality reduces the number of separate components needed, thereby reducing overall system complexity while achieving comprehensive waste heat utilization
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves stable operation and reduces desorption energy consumption by over 30%, with a compact design that maintains high CO2 capture efficiency, overcoming space constraints and energy inefficiencies.
Implementation Method 1
Ship exhaust passes through the exhaust boiler to realize waste heat utilization
Implementation Method 2
the remaining non-split CO2 rich liquid is delivered by a rich liquid delivery pump a into the CO2 lean-rich liquid heat exchanger to be heated by heat exchange
Implementation Method 3
CO2 in the ship exhaust is captured with a composite amine/mixed salt absorbent, the absorbent then turns into CO2 rich liquid
Implementation Method 4
a CO2 desorber, a compact CO2 rich liquid reboiling pre-desorption device... semi-rich liquid obtained after the third time of heating is subjected to liquid water vaporization and releases vaporized substances containing a proportion of CO2
Implementation Method 5
semi-rich liquid obtained after the third time of heating is subjected to liquid water vaporization and releases vaporized substances containing a proportion of CO2
Implementation Method 6
the remaining non-split CO2 rich liquid is delivered by a rich liquid delivery pump a into the CO2 lean-rich liquid heat exchanger to be heated by heat exchange for the first time
Implementation Method 7
after being heated by heat exchange for the first time, the rich liquid is delivered by a rich liquid delivery pump b into Z-shaped bushings of the CO2 rich liquid preheating device and then comes in contact with an evaporation section of the CO2 rich liquid preheating device to be heated by heat exchange for the second time
Data Source
AI summary
A CO2 desorption system suitable for limited space in a complex sailing region comprises an exhaust boiler, a compact CO2 absorber, a compact CO2 lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, a compact CO2 desorber, a compact CO2 rich liquid preheating device, a compact CO2 rich liquid reboiling pre-desorption device and an intelligent control platform. Further, a global optimization control method for the CO2 desorption system suitable for limited space in a complex sailing region is further established based through a knowledge and data-driven exhaust extraction flow accurate-prediction model for a heat source of a CO2 rich liquid preheating device and a steam extraction flow accurate-prediction model for a heat source on an upper section of a CO2 rich liquid reboiling pre-desorption device to realize flexible control of operation parameters of the desorption system under different operating conditions of an engine.