Compact Diplexer Using Impedance Units for PCB Integration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional diplexers implemented on printed circuit boards occupy significant area, making them difficult to integrate into communication products like wireless access points, routers, or network cards due to high complexity and large circuit requirements.
Innovation Solution
A compact diplexer design utilizing impedance units to separate and process signals of different frequency bands, featuring a third impedance unit for impedance matching and high impedance states, allowing for efficient frequency separation without signal leakage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a conventional diplexer is implemented on a printed circuit board using low-pass filter and high-pass filter, then frequency separation function is achieved, but the circuit occupies significant area and has high complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms the conventional filter-based diplexer into an impedance-based solution by changing the operating parameters from filter cutoff frequencies to impedance transformation ratios. The impedance units use transformer coupling with specific turns ratios to achieve frequency-dependent impedance matching, eliminating the need for large-area filter circuits while maintaining effective frequency separation functionality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical/electrical filter structure with an electromagnetic transformer-based impedance transformation system. Instead of using physical filter components with inductors and capacitors that occupy board space, the invention uses transformer coupling to create frequency-selective impedance paths, substituting a compact electromagnetic mechanism for the bulkier filter architecture
2Reliability
If a conventional diplexer is implemented on a printed circuit board, then frequency signal separation is achieved, but the device complexity increases making integration difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the functions of multiple filter stages into a single impedance transformation stage. By combining the frequency selection and impedance matching functions into one transformer-based unit, the circuit complexity is reduced while maintaining the signal separation capability. The impedance units integrate both the frequency-selective blocking and the impedance matching that would otherwise require separate components
Solution Approach 2:
The impedance units serve multiple functions simultaneously: they provide frequency-dependent signal blocking, impedance matching between different stages, and isolation between transmit and receive paths. This multi-functionality reduces the overall device complexity compared to conventional diplexers that require separate components for each function
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves low reflection, high isolation, and small circuit area, enabling integration with printed circuit boards while meeting wireless LAN standards, such as IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n, with improved impedance characteristics and reduced manufacturing costs.
Implementation Method 1
The first impedance unit is coupled to the first signal end and the second end of the third impedance unit and used for forming an impedance match with the third impedance unit when the third signal end receives or transmits the first bandwidth signal
Implementation Method 2
The second impedance unit is coupled to the second signal end and the second end of the third impedance unit and used for forming an impedance match with the third impedance unit when the third signal end receives or transmits the second bandwidth signal
Implementation Method 3
a diplexer is an important high frequency component having three signal ends of two-to-one or one-to-two, for separating a mixed signal received from an antenna into different bandwidth signals
Data Source
AI summary
A diplexer for receiving and transmitting a first bandwidth signal corresponding to a first central frequency and a second bandwidth signal corresponding to a second central frequency includes a first signal end, a second signal end, a third signal end, a first impedance unit, a second impedance unit and a third impedance unit. The first impedance unit forms an impedance match with the third impedance unit when the third signal end receives or transmits the first bandwidth signal, and forms a high impedance unit when the third signal end receives or transmits the second bandwidth signal. The second impedance unit forms an impedance match with the third impedance unit when the third signal end receives or transmits the second bandwidth signal, and forms a high impedance unit when the third signal end receives or transmits the first bandwidth signal.