Compact Multi-Channel Optical Transceiver Thermal Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

In optical transceiver modules for wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks, there is a challenge in accommodating multi-channel transmitter and receiver optical subassemblies along with circuit components within a small space while ensuring effective thermal management due to heat generation from multiple lasers and photodiodes.

Innovation Solution

A compact multi-channel optical transceiver design that includes a multi-channel transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) and receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) spaced from a circuit board, with the ROSA inverted and mounted proximate the transceiver housing top portion using an L-shaped support to facilitate heat transfer, allowing for efficient thermal dissipation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If multiple lasers and photodiodes are electrically connected to circuit components in a multi-channel transceiver, then the transceiver can support multiple channel wavelengths, but the device generates excessive heat that adversely affects operation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-channel wavelength supportVSAvoidheat generation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the harmful thermal effect from the functional components by introducing a dedicated thermal management subsystem. The heat sink and thermoelectric cooler are separated from the optical components (lasers and photodiodes) and circuit board, creating an independent thermal control pathway that removes heat without interfering with the optical signal transmission functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces intermediary thermal management components between the heat-generating elements and the environment. The heat sink acts as an intermediary that absorbs heat from the lasers and photodiodes, while the thermoelectric cooler serves as an intermediary that actively pumps heat away from the circuit board. These intermediaries mediate the heat transfer process to protect the sensitive optical components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Volume of moving object

If the transceiver module size is reduced to a compact form factor, then deployment complexity is reduced, but thermal dissipation becomes insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransceiver module sizeVSAvoidthermal dissipation efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent addresses the thermal dissipation challenge in a compact volume by transitioning to three-dimensional thermal management. The heat sink extends vertically from the circuit board, and the thermoelectric cooler is positioned between the circuit board and ROSA, utilizing the vertical dimension to create efficient heat transfer pathways without increasing the horizontal footprint of the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent nests the thermal management components within the compact transceiver housing. The heat sink is integrated with the circuit board assembly, the thermoelectric cooler is positioned between existing components (circuit board and ROSA), and the entire thermal management system is enclosed within the housing, achieving efficient thermal dissipation without increasing the overall device volume.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

3Area of stationary object

If circuit components are mounted on the circuit board in a compact arrangement, then the device fits in small space, but heat from components accumulates and affects operation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit board areaVSAvoidcomponent operating temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the thermal management function from the circuit board design by introducing a dedicated thermoelectric cooler positioned between the circuit board and the ROSA. This separate thermal control system actively removes heat from the circuit board components, allowing them to be densely mounted without temperature accumulation affecting operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design enables the accommodation of multi-channel optical transceivers in a small form factor with adequate heat dissipation and thermal management, supporting multiple channel wavelengths and maintaining desired wavelength precision and temperature control within a compact optical line terminal.

Implementation Method 1

The multi-channel ROSA may also be inverted and mounted proximate a transceiver top housing portion, for example, using an L-shaped ROSA support, to transfer heat from the ROSA to the transceiver housing portion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermoelectric effect: Peltier Effect

Data Source

PatentEP2997405B1Compact multi-channel optical transceiver module
Publication Date: 2019.08.07 APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS INC(US)
  • EP2997405B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2997405B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP2997405B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A compact multi-channel optical may include a multi-channel transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA), a multi-channel receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) and a circuit board configured and arranged to fit within a relatively small space. The multi-channel ROSA is spaced from the circuit board to allow circuit components to be mounted between the circuit board and the ROSA. The multi-channel ROSA may also be inverted and mounted proximate a transceiver top housing portion, for example, using an L-shaped ROSA support, to transfer heat from the ROSA to the transceiver housing portion. The optical transceiver may be used in a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical system, for example, in an optical line terminal (OLT) in a WDM passive optical network (PON).