Composite Adsorbent Bead with Porous Core for Gas Separation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing composite adsorbent beads with non-porous cores face challenges such as low adsorption capacity, cracking during high-temperature processes, and difficulty in producing small-sized beads with high mass transfer performance, leading to issues with fluidization and separation efficiency.

Innovation Solution

A composite adsorbent bead design featuring a porous and non-adsorbent core coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, utilizing agglomerated clay particles and minimizing inorganic binder content to achieve high specific crush strength and bulk density, allowing for a wide range of particle sizes and improved mass transfer performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If composite adsorbent beads with non-porous cores are used, then mass transfer performance is improved, but adsorption capacity is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemass transfer rateVSAvoidadsorption capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a porous core material (such as porous glass, porous ceramic, or porous polymer) instead of a non-porous core. This porous structure allows the core to contribute to adsorption capacity while maintaining the mass transfer benefits of the composite bead structure. The porous core provides internal surface area for gas adsorption, thereby increasing overall adsorption capacity without sacrificing the mass transfer performance enabled by the composite design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a composite structure consisting of a porous core material combined with an adsorbent coating layer. This composite material approach allows the porous core to provide structural support and additional adsorption sites, while the outer adsorbent layer provides high-selectivity adsorption. The synergistic combination of these materials achieves both improved mass transfer and enhanced adsorption capacity compared to homogeneous adsorbent beads.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If inorganic binder material is added to improve crush strength, then structural strength is improved, but adsorption capacity is further reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespecific crush strengthVSAvoidadsorption capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The porous core material inherently provides structural strength due to its three-dimensional network structure, reducing the need for additional inorganic binders. The porous structure creates a rigid framework that maintains bead integrity during operation, thereby achieving sufficient crush strength with minimal binder content and preserving adsorption capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent optimizes the binder content to a specific range (0.1-10 wt%, preferably 0.5-5 wt%) to achieve the necessary crush strength while minimizing the negative impact on adsorption capacity. This parameter optimization ensures that the binder provides just enough structural support without excessively diluting the adsorbent material.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Speed

If composite beads with non-porous cores are produced, then mass transfer performance is improved, but production of small-sized beads becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemass transfer rateVSAvoidproduction difficulty
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The porous core material can be produced as fine particles through conventional ceramic or glass processing techniques, enabling the manufacture of small-sized composite beads (D50 < 1mm). The porous structure maintains mechanical integrity even at small sizes, allowing production of beads with D50 in the range of 0.2-1.0 mm that would be difficult to produce with non-porous cores.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent specifies optimal particle size ranges for the porous core (D50: 0.1-0.5 mm) and final composite bead (D50: 0.2-1.0 mm) to balance mass transfer performance with manufacturability. These parameter specifications enable production of small-sized beads using standard manufacturing techniques while maintaining the mass transfer advantages of composite bead structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Speed

If composite beads with non-porous cores are used, then mass transfer performance is improved, but particles tend to crack during high-temperature processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemass transfer rateVSAvoidcrack resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The porous core material exhibits superior thermal shock resistance compared to non-porous materials, preventing cracking during high-temperature activation and regeneration processes. The porous structure allows for more uniform heat distribution and stress relaxation, eliminating the thermal expansion mismatch problems that cause cracking in non-porous core composite beads.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent specifies an optimal binder content range (0.1-10 wt%) that provides sufficient thermal bonding between the porous core and adsorbent coating, preventing delamination and cracking during high-temperature processes. This parameter optimization ensures the composite bead maintains structural integrity during activation at temperatures of 200-600°C and subsequent thermal cycling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composite adsorbent beads exhibit mass transfer performance 2 to 4 times higher than conventional adsorbents, maintain structural integrity, and achieve higher adsorption capacity per volume, making them suitable for industrial applications without fluidization issues.

Implementation Method 1

at least one core comprising at least one inorganic material being porous and non-adsorbent

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPorosity: Porosity

Implementation Method 2

the cores of non-porous material, e.g. of quartz sand, foamed glass or presintered inorganic agglomerates, have a different thermal expansion coefficient than the outer porous adsorbent layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal expansion: Thermal Expansion

Implementation Method 3

at least one layer comprising a porous and adsorbent material, which is coated on the surface of the core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 4

the separation process can be improved by increasing the mass transfer rate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 5

The crush strength of the active adsorbent material can be improved by adding inorganic binder material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCohesion: Cohesion

Data Source

PatentEP2198946B8Composite adsorbent bead, process for its production and gas separation process
Publication Date: 2019.08.07 AIR PROD & CHEM INC

AI summary

The present invention refers to a composite adsorbent bead for the separation of at least one gas component from a gas mixture, based on a core-shell composite bead, a process of its production and a gas separation process using these composite adsorbent beads.