Composite Anode Material Manufacturing via Carbothermal Shock

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Solution Overview

Problem

The high manufacturing costs and limited competitiveness of silicon-graphite composite anode materials for lithium secondary batteries due to expensive silicon nanoparticles and the complexity of their production process, as well as the mechanical damage and shortened life caused by volume expansion during charging and discharging.

Innovation Solution

A one-step method involving carbothermal shock to disperse and attach nano-sized silicon particles to the surface of a carbonaceous material, such as graphite or carbon fibers, by rapidly heating the carbonaceous material to 1400°C or higher within 10 seconds, allowing for the adjustment of silicon particle size and reducing manufacturing costs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If silicon nanoparticles are used to increase theoretical capacity to 4200 mAh/g, then energy density is improved, but manufacturing cost increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the manufacturing of silicon nanoparticles and their compounding with carbonaceous material into a single carbothermal shock step. By mixing carbonaceous material and solid silicon as raw materials and heating them together, the process achieves both nanoparticle formation and composite creation simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate manufacturing and compounding steps, thereby reducing manufacturing cost while maintaining high energy density.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses rapid heating to 1400°C or higher within 10 seconds to change the physical state of silicon from solid to melted and dispersed form. This parameter change in temperature and heating rate enables the formation of nano-sized silicon particles directly during the carbothermal shock process, achieving high energy density without the need for expensive pre-manufactured silicon nanoparticles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If a two-step process is used to manufacture silicon nanoparticles and then compound them, then particle size control is improved, but process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle size controlVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges two separate processes (silicon nanoparticle manufacturing and compounding with carbonaceous material) into a single carbothermal shock step. By performing both operations simultaneously through rapid heating of the mixed raw materials, the process maintains particle size control while significantly reducing process complexity from two steps to one step.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Quantity of substance

If silicon is used as anode material to achieve high capacity, then charge capacity is improved, but mechanical damage occurs due to volume expansion and contraction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharge capacityVSAvoidelectrode durability
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent embeds silicon particles within a carbonaceous material matrix, creating a composite structure where the carbonaceous material acts as a flexible container or shell. This structure allows the silicon to expand and contract during charging and discharging cycles while being constrained by the carbonaceous material, preventing mechanical damage and maintaining electrode durability while preserving high charge capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite anode material combining silicon and carbonaceous material. The silicon provides high charge capacity (4200 mAh/g theoretical capacity) while the carbonaceous material provides structural stability and prevents mechanical damage from volume changes. This composite structure successfully combines the advantages of both materials to achieve high capacity with improved reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Reliability

If graphite is used as anode material to ensure structural stability, then reliability is improved, but interlayer diffusion rate of lithium is low

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural stabilityVSAvoidlithium diffusion rate
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite anode material combining silicon and carbonaceous material. The carbonaceous material provides a structure similar to graphite with good structural stability, while the dispersed silicon particles provide high capacity. The composite structure maintains the structural reliability of carbonaceous material while the nano-sized silicon particles enable faster lithium diffusion compared to bulk graphite, achieving both stability and rapid charging capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method reduces processing and manufacturing costs while enhancing the durability and charge/discharge performance of the composite anode material by dispersing nano-sized silicon particles, which lowers interface resistance and prevents mechanical damage from volume changes, enabling rapid charging and extended battery life.

Implementation Method 1

a carbothermal shock step of heating the carbonaceous material so that the solid silicon is melted using the heated carbonaceous material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCarbothermal shock: Thermal Shock

Implementation Method 2

The carbothermal shock step provides to heat the carbonaceous material to 1400°C or higher within 10 sec.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRapid heating: Heating

Implementation Method 3

heating the carbonaceous material so that the solid silicon is melted using the heated carbonaceous material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 4

is dispersed and attached in the form of particles to the surface of the carbonaceous material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDeposition: Deposition (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP3718968B1Method of manufacturing composite anode material
Publication Date: 2023.09.27 DECA MATERIAL INC
  • EP3718968B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3718968B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3718968B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a composite anode material for a lithium secondary battery containing nano-sized silicon and a carbonaceous material through a single process, the method including mixing a carbonaceous material and solid silicon and performing carbothermal shock for rapidly heating the carbonaceous material so that the solid silicon is melted using the heated carbonaceous material and is dispersed and attached in the form of particles to the surface of the carbonaceous material, the size of the silicon particles, which grow on the surface of the carbonaceous material, being adjusted during the carbothermal shock. Accordingly, processing costs can be lower than conventional methods of manufacturing silicon nanoparticles, and manufacturing costs can be further reduced by simultaneously performing formation of the silicon nanoparticles and compounding with the carbonaceous material.