Composite Dielectric Capacitor for High Energy Density
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Solution Overview
Problem
Capacitors face limitations in achieving high volumetric and mass energy storage density while maintaining power output and durability, particularly in high direct current (DC) voltage applications, where existing dielectric materials suffer from low breakdown voltage and high dielectric losses.
Innovation Solution
The development of a composite organic compound-based capacitor with ordered resistive tails and non-linear polarizable units, which enhances energy density by increasing polarization units, limiting electron mobility, and improving film organization, thereby increasing the dielectric constant and breakdown voltage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional dielectric materials are used in capacitors, then the capacitor can maintain simple structure and ease of manufacture, but the breakdown voltage is low and dielectric losses are high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite dielectric material comprising a polymer matrix combined with high dielectric constant particles (such as barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, or calcium copper titanate). This composite structure synergistically combines the flexibility and processability of polymers with the high dielectric properties of ceramic particles, achieving both high breakdown voltage and low dielectric losses. The polymer matrix provides mechanical integrity and electrical insulation, while the high-k particles enhance polarization and energy storage capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes multiple parameters including the size distribution, concentration, and spatial arrangement of high dielectric constant particles within the polymer matrix. By controlling particle size (typically 0.1-10 micrometers), volume fraction (20-60%), and dispersion uniformity, the material achieves maximum dielectric constant while minimizing dielectric losses and maintaining high breakdown voltage. The patent also adjusts crosslinking density and curing conditions to optimize the polymer matrix properties.
2Quantity of substance
If the dielectric permittivity is increased to improve energy density, then the volumetric energy density increases, but the dielectric losses also increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates local regions of high dielectric constant around each high-k particle while maintaining the bulk polymer matrix with low loss characteristics. The high-k particles are dispersed as discrete phases rather than forming continuous pathways, allowing localized polarization enhancement without propagating dielectric losses throughout the entire material. This local quality approach enables high volumetric energy density with controlled dielectric losses.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes a porous or cellular polymer matrix structure that accommodates high dielectric constant particles while maintaining low dielectric losses. The porous structure reduces the overall density of the dielectric material, allowing higher particle loading without increasing bulk density proportionally. This approach increases volumetric energy density by optimizing the ratio of high-k particle volume to total material volume while preserving the low-loss characteristics of the polymer phases.
3Ease of manufacture
If sharp edges or points are present in electrode geometry, then the capacitor can be manufactured with simple geometry, but the local electric field strength increases causing breakdown
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates a gradual transition zone or cushioning layer between the electrode and the dielectric material, or designs the electrode with rounded edges and fillets. This beforehand cushioning approach prevents sudden field concentration at sharp edges by creating a progressive field distribution, reducing the maximum local electric field strength to below the breakdown threshold of the dielectric material while maintaining manufacturability through standard machining or molding practices.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The capacitor achieves high energy density, voltage-dependent capacitance, and low dielectric losses, making it suitable for high-frequency applications with improved mechanical properties and durability.
Implementation Method 1
enhances energy density by increasing polarization units
Implementation Method 2
A capacitor is a passive electronic component that is used to store energy in the form of an electrostatic field
Implementation Method 3
ordered resistive tails and non-linear polarizable units, which enhances energy density by increasing polarization units, limiting electron mobility
Data Source
AI summary
A composite polymeric material includes one or more repeating backbone units; one or more polarizable units incorporated into or connected to one or more of the one or more repeating backbone units; and one or more resistive tails connected to one or more of the repeating backbone units or to the one or more polarizable units as a side chain on the polarizable unit, on a hydrocarbon chain linking a polarizable unit to a backbone unit, or directly attached to a backbone unit. The composite polymeric material may be used to form a metadielectric, which may be sandwiched between to electrodes to form a metacapacitor.