Composite Aircraft Door Fuselage Structure Adhesive Bonding

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Solution Overview

Problem

Aircraft doors made of composite materials face challenges with high manufacturing costs and maintenance issues due to the use of rivets, which are both expensive and heavy, while requiring reliable pressure resistance and emergency opening capabilities.

Innovation Solution

A fuselage structure using composite materials with form locking engagement between panels and inner structural elements, supplemented by adhesive bonding, eliminates the need for rivets and incorporates Resin Transfer Molding for optimized low weight and production costs, employing fiber-reinforced plastics and additional adhesive layers for enhanced bonding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If rivets are used to mount composite panels to beam elements, then the structural connection and load distribution are achieved, but the manufacturing cost increases and maintenance issues arise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure resistance reliabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical fastening system (rivets) with a chemical bonding system (adhesive). The adhesive bonding process eliminates the need for drilling holes and inserting rivets, thereby reducing manufacturing complexity and cost while maintaining structural integrity. The adhesive layer creates a continuous bond between the composite panel and beam elements, distributing loads effectively without the discontinuities introduced by rivet holes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite materials in the adhesive layer and bonding structures to achieve both structural strength and cost-effectiveness. The use of fiber-reinforced adhesive compositions allows the bonding system to meet the rigorous pressure resistance requirements while being more economical than metal rivet systems, particularly for large-area bonding applications in aircraft doors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If rivets are used to mount composite panels to beam elements, then the structural connection and load distribution are achieved, but maintenance issues increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepressure resistance reliabilityVSAvoidmaintenance issues
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

By replacing the mechanical rivet system with an adhesive bonding system, the patent eliminates maintenance issues associated with rivet corrosion, loosening, and fatigue. Adhesive bonds provide a more uniform stress distribution and are less susceptible to environmental degradation, thereby reducing maintenance requirements and improving long-term reliability of the aircraft door structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Strength

If traditional mounting methods are used, then structural integrity is achieved, but weight increases due to rivets

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural integrityVSAvoiddoor weight
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces heavy metal rivets with a lighter adhesive bonding system. The adhesive layer, typically only millimeters thick, provides sufficient bonding strength while significantly reducing the overall weight of the door assembly compared to a rivet system that requires holes, rivet shanks, and additional fastening hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Ease of manufacture

If adhesive bonding alone is used to mount panels to beams, then manufacturing simplicity is improved, but load transfer capability may be insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidload transfer capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs composite adhesive materials, particularly fiber-reinforced adhesives, to enhance the load transfer capability of the bonding system. These composite adhesives provide both the chemical bonding benefits of adhesives and the mechanical strength of fiber reinforcement, enabling the system to handle the high loads and pressure differentials experienced by aircraft doors while maintaining manufacturing simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides highly reliable, lightweight aircraft doors with reduced production costs and maintenance burdens, effectively transferring loads from internal pressure through form locking and adhesive mounting, enhancing structural integrity and stability.

Implementation Method 1

at least one group of layers of composite material of the panel is in form locking engagement with this flange of the beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdhesive bonding: Adhesive

Implementation Method 2

At least one group of layers of composite material of the panel is in form locking engagement with this flange of the beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectForm locking engagement: Mechanical Fastener

Data Source

PatentEP2415662B1Fuselage structure made of composite material
Publication Date: 2012.07.18 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUT GMBH
  • EP2415662B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2415662B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2415662B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The present invention relates to a fuselage structure, particularly an aircraft door (1) of composite material comprising at least one panel (2) and at least one beam (3) mounted to each other, with the panel (2) being formed of at least one group of composite layers (5,6,20). The at least one beam (3) is provided at least at one of its respective ends (10,11) with a flange (13) suitable for adhesive engagement with the at least one panel (2). The at least one group of composite layers (5,6,20) of the panel (2) is in form locking engagement with this flange (13) of the beam (3).