Composite Electrode Using Elastic Conductive Polymer Binder

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional lithium-ion battery electrodes suffer from instability due to volume expansion during charging and discharging, leading to reduced service life and inadequate energy density.

Innovation Solution

A composite electrode comprising an elastic, conductive polymeric binder and a conversion material, such as transition metal compounds like FeF3 or CuS, which allows for high energy density and rapid charging/discharging rates without the need for excessive conductivity additives, thereby minimizing volume changes and maintaining stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional binders (polyvinylidene fluoride, acrylic acid, or cellulose) with conductivity additives are used, then electrical conductivity is provided, but the electrode material becomes unstable due to volume expansion during charging and discharging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrode stabilityVSAvoidservice life
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition and physical properties of the binder by using conductive polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, PEDOT, or their derivatives) instead of conventional binders. These polymers inherently provide both binding functionality and electrical conductivity without requiring additional conductivity additives, thereby eliminating the volume expansion problem associated with conventional binder systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite electrode structure consisting of active material particles combined with conductive polymer binder. This composite material integrates the binding function and conductivity function into a single unified system, where the conductive polymer matrix provides mechanical cohesion while maintaining electrical pathways, solving the instability issue of conventional composite electrodes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If conductivity additives (carbon black, carbon nanotubes) are added to conventional binders, then electrical conductivity is achieved, but the electrode composition becomes insufficiently stable under charging and discharging conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrode stabilityVSAvoidelectrode composition complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the binding function and conductivity function into a single conductive polymer binder material. This eliminates the need for separate conductivity additives and simplifies the electrode composition to just three components: active material, conductive polymer binder, and solvent. The conductive polymer inherently provides both mechanical cohesion and electrical pathways.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and eliminates the conductivity additives (carbon black, carbon nanotubes) from the conventional binder system. By using conductive polymers that inherently provide conductivity, the patent removes the need for these additional components, simplifying the overall electrode composition while maintaining stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Productivity

If conversion materials are used to achieve high energy density, then charging and discharging rates improve, but volume changes occur that reduce cell lifespan

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging and discharging ratesVSAvoidcell lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the mechanical properties of the electrode matrix by using elastic conductive polymers that can dynamically adjust to volume changes of conversion materials during lithiation and delithiation. This elasticity parameter change allows the binder to accommodate volume expansion and contraction without causing electrode degradation, thereby extending cell lifespan while maintaining high charging and discharging rates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Strength

If conventional binder systems are used, then mechanical cohesion is provided, but excessive conductivity additives are required which hinder volume changes and reduce stability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical cohesionVSAvoidlong-term stability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the binding function and conductivity function into a single conductive polymer binder material. This eliminates the need for separate conductivity additives and simplifies the electrode composition to just three components: active material, conductive polymer binder, and solvent. The conductive polymer inherently provides both mechanical cohesion and electrical pathways.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the mechanical properties of the electrode matrix by using elastic conductive polymers that can dynamically adjust to volume changes of conversion materials during lithiation and delithiation. This elasticity parameter change allows the binder to accommodate volume expansion and contraction without causing electrode degradation, thereby extending cell lifespan while maintaining high charging and discharging rates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The composite electrode achieves high energy density and long-term stability, enabling high-capacity applications like automotive use with improved charging and discharging rates.

Implementation Method 1

Due to its chemical structure, such a binder is both electrically conductive and lithium-ion conductive

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConduction (electrical): Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

components for lithium transport, lithium-ion transport, and lithium-ion storage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon transport:

Implementation Method 3

The transition metal is completely reducible in a single cell charging process of the electrochemical cell

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReduction: Reduction

Implementation Method 4

conversion material is a chemical compound comprising at least one transition metal M and one anion X

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochemical reaction:

Implementation Method 5

the conductivity additives present in conventional composite electrodes hinder the volume changes of the composite electrode during lithium ion storage and release

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Data Source

PatentEP3175501B1Composite electrode for an electrochemical cell and electrochemical cell
Publication Date: 2021.03.24 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG
  • EP3175501B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

The invention relates to a composite electrode (1) for an electrochemical cell, comprising a conversion material (3) and an elastic, conductive polymer binder (4). The conversion material (3) comprises at least one transition metal (M) and an anion (X). The transition metal can be completely reduced in a cell charging process of the electrochemical cell.