Composite Gear Web With Tuned Compliance for Tooth Load Distribution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional gear tooth flank corrections require accurate machining techniques, limiting the use of cost-effective machine tools and are often specific to a particular use case, restricting the gear system's effectiveness in varying conditions.

Innovation Solution

A composite gear design featuring a metallic gear rim and a composite web with oriented fibers, providing variable compliance and reduced stiffness, allowing for cost-effective manufacturing without permanent alterations, and enhancing performance across different operational conditions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional gear tooth flank correction shaping is applied, then gear tooth contact pressure is reduced and strain in root radius is minimized, but accurate machining techniques are required which limit the use of cost-effective machine tools

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegear tooth contact pressure distributionVSAvoidmachining cost and complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the material parameter from homogeneous metal to composite material with varying fiber orientations. The fiber orientation angles (0°, 45°, 90°, -45°) in different zones of the gear body allow tuning of mechanical properties to achieve optimal contact pressure distribution without requiring precision machining of tooth flanks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs composite materials with strategically oriented fibers to replace conventional metal gears. The composite structure provides tailored stiffness and compliance in different directions, achieving the effect of tooth flank correction through material design rather than geometric shaping, thereby enabling use of cost-effective manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If gear tooth flank correction shaping is applied, then performance is optimized for a particular use case, but the gear tooth form becomes permanently altered and cannot be adapted to other use cases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegear performance for specific conditionVSAvoidgear system effectiveness in varying conditions
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces adaptability through variable fiber orientation patterns that can be configured for different operating conditions. The composite gear body can be designed with gradient fiber orientations or interchangeable composite inserts that allow the gear to adapt its mechanical characteristics based on loading conditions, speed, and torque requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different fiber orientations and material properties in specific zones of the gear body tailored to local stress conditions. This allows optimization for particular use cases while maintaining the ability to reconfigure or replace zones for different applications, providing localized adaptability without permanently altering the entire gear form.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional metal gear design is used, then manufacturing is straightforward, but mass is higher and compliance is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidgear mass
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces dense metal materials with composite materials that have lower density, directly reducing gear mass. The composite structure maintains sufficient strength and stiffness through strategic fiber orientation, achieving weight reduction without sacrificing mechanical performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the material density parameter from high (metal) to low (composite), and adjusts fiber orientation parameters to maintain mechanical properties. This allows achieving lower mass while preserving the compliance and strength required for gear operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Strength

If rigid gear tooth structure is used, then strength is high, but compliance is reduced leading to increased contact pressure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegear tooth strengthVSAvoidgear tooth compliance
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different fiber orientations in different zones of the gear tooth structure. The root zone uses fibers oriented to provide high strength and stiffness, while the tooth flank zones use fibers oriented to provide appropriate compliance for load distribution. This local differentiation achieves both high strength and adequate compliance simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite materials with anisotropic properties to achieve direction-dependent mechanical characteristics. The fiber reinforcement provides high strength in the load-bearing direction while the matrix material and fiber architecture provide compliance in directions that facilitate load distribution and stress relief.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Data Source

PatentEP4663978A1Composite gear
Publication Date: 2025.12.17 ROLLS ROYCE PLC
  • EP4663978A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4663978A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4663978A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A composite gear (100) includes an annular metallic gear hub (102) including a bore (104) and defining a central axis (106) of the composite gear (100). The composite gear (100) includes a composite web (108) disposed circumferentially around the annular metallic gear hub (102) with respect to the central axis (106). The composite gear (10) includes a metallic gear rim (112) disposed circumferentially around the composite web (108) with respect to the central axis (106). The metallic gear rim (112) includes an annular portion (114) disposed adjacent to the composite web (108) and a plurality of gear teeth (116) angularly spaced apart from each other with respect to the central axis (106) and extending outwardly from the annular portion (114) distal to the composite web (108). The composite gear (100) includes an interface (118) disposed between the metallic gear rim (112) and composite web (108). The composite web (108) has a plurality of fibres (110) comprising a set of first fibres (110A) and a set of second fibres (110B) intersecting with the set of first fibres (110A) and inclined to the set of first fibres (110A) by an inclination angle (110C) from 30 degrees to 60 degrees, such that the set of first fibres (110A) and the set of second fibres (110B) together form a mesh (110D) or a woven fabric (110E).