High-Frequency Composite Impactor for Drilling Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
In ultra-deep and complex oil and gas drilling operations, current impactors fail to provide adequate rock-breaking efficiency due to inappropriate impact loads and low frequencies, leading to increased friction, stick-slip issues, and reduced drilling rates in hard and inhomogeneous formations.
Innovation Solution
A high-frequency composite impactor is introduced, comprising a high-frequency axial impact assembly and a torsional impact assembly, which converts stable drilling fluid into a pulsed jet for high-frequency axial impacts and generates circumferential torsional forces, reducing friction and enhancing rock-breaking efficiency by applying multi-directional coupling impacts.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If current impactors are used in ultra-deep wells, then the drill string length increases, but friction between drill string and wellbore increases, leading to WOB loss and low ROP
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies high-frequency axial vibration and torsional vibration to the drill bit through specialized assemblies. The axial vibration assembly generates vertical oscillating forces, while the torsional vibration assembly generates rotational oscillating forces. These vibrations reduce friction between the drill string and wellbore, prevent stick-slip phenomena, and enhance rock-breaking efficiency, thereby maintaining higher ROP in ultra-deep wells despite increased drill string length
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements periodic impact loading through the axial vibration assembly and torsional vibration assembly, which generate cyclic oscillating forces at specific frequencies. This periodic action creates repeated stress cycles on the rock formation, expanding cracks and fissures over time, and prevents the drill bit from getting stuck, thereby maintaining continuous drilling progress and reducing frictional losses
2Productivity
If impact load is applied on hard rock formations, then rock-breaking efficiency improves, but current impactors provide inappropriate impact load and low frequency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs adjustable parameters including vibration frequency, amplitude, and phase relationships between axial and torsional components. The axial vibration assembly and torsional vibration assembly can be independently tuned to optimize the composite impact effect for different rock hardness levels. This parameter adjustability ensures appropriate impact loading across varying formation conditions while maintaining high rock-breaking efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines two different vibration mechanisms (axial vibration and torsional vibration) into a composite impact system. This composite approach creates multi-directional oscillating forces that work synergistically to break hard rock formations more effectively than single-mode vibration, while the combination provides adaptability to various rock types through adjustable frequency and amplitude ratios
3Ease of operation
If drill bit operates in inhomogeneous rock formations, then drilling conditions become complex, but stick-slip and jump drilling accidents increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses coupled axial and torsional vibrations to create a stabilizing oscillating motion that prevents the drill bit from sticking to the wellbore wall or jumping erratically. The multi-directional vibration dampens unstable drilling behaviors by continuously varying the contact forces between the drill string and formation, thereby maintaining operational stability in complex inhomogeneous formations
Solution Approach 2:
The axial vibration assembly and torsional vibration assembly act as intermediary devices between the drill string and rock formation. They transform steady rotational drilling into controlled oscillating impact drilling, mediating the interaction between drill bit and formation to prevent direct stick-slip contact and jump drilling incidents that occur in heterogeneous rock conditions
Data Source
AI summary
A high-frequency composite impactor including a high-frequency axial and a torsional impact assembly is disclosed. The high-frequency axial impact assembly includes an upper self-excited oscillation cavity, a lower self-excited oscillation cavity, an adjustment block and a lock nut. The torsional impact assembly includes an upper end cover, a reversing switch, a pendulum, a lower shell, a lower end cover, a nozzle, a connecting block and a retaining ring. The high-frequency axial impact assembly converts the flowing drilling fluid into a pulsed jet to achieve a high-frequency axial impact. The torsional impact assembly enables a torsional impact through a shunt, and finally enables a high-frequency composite impact, which can effectively reduce the stick-slip of the drill string, jump drilling and other downhole accidents. By reducing the friction between the drill string and the borehole wall, the impactor can reduce WOB loss, increase the ROP, and improve the drilling efficiency.