Composite Machining Tool with Integrated Grinding Region

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Solution Overview

Problem

Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) materials are difficult to machine due to their high strength and abrasive nature, leading to irregular surfaces and delamination, which requires separate finishing processes, increasing manufacturing time and costs.

Innovation Solution

A composite machining tool with a cutting edge and a grinding region positioned on the tool body, where the grinding region is made from polycrystalline diamond or cubic boron nitride abrasives and deposited by electroplating, allowing for a single-action machining process that combines cutting and grinding, reducing tool changes and improving dimensional accuracy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If existing machining tools are used on PMC materials, then the high strength and elastic modulus of PMCs are utilized, but the materials become difficult to cut, abrasive to tooling, and susceptible to delamination and splintering

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestrength-to-weight ratioVSAvoidmachinability
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines cutting and grinding functions into a single composite machining tool. The tool body includes both a cutting edge for material removal and a grinding region with abrasive particles for surface finishing, eliminating the need for separate machining and finishing operations on PMC materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The machining tool itself is designed as a composite structure, combining a tool body made from tool steel or carbide with a grinding region coated with abrasive particles such as aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or boron nitride. This composite tool structure enables it to handle the composite nature of PMC materials effectively.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Manufacturing precision

If a separate finishing process is used to achieve high quality surface finish, then surface quality is improved, but manufacturing speed is reduced and costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface finish qualityVSAvoidmanufacturing speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the cutting operation and surface finishing operation into a single machining action. The cutting edge removes material while the grinding region, positioned adjacent to the cutting edge, simultaneously finishes the surface, eliminating the need for separate finishing processes and maintaining high manufacturing speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The grinding region performs surface finishing action immediately after material removal during the same machining pass. This preliminary finishing action prevents the need for subsequent separate finishing operations, maintaining both high surface quality and manufacturing efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Manufacturing precision

If multiple tools are used for cutting and finishing, then high quality finish is achieved, but the number of tool changes and setup time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedimensional accuracyVSAvoidtool changing and setup time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The composite machining tool is designed as a multi-functional tool that performs both cutting and surface finishing operations. The tool body includes a cutting edge for material removal and a grinding region for surface finishing, allowing a single tool to complete multiple machining steps that traditionally required separate tools.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines multiple machining functions into a single tool structure, eliminating the need for tool changes between cutting and finishing operations. This reduces setup time and maintains dimensional accuracy by avoiding repositioning errors associated with multiple tool changes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Manufacturing precision

If abrasive particles are coated on existing tooling, then surface finishing may be achieved, but the cutting action is prevented and tool wear increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface finish qualityVSAvoidtool life
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The composite machining tool divides the tool body into distinct functional regions: a cutting edge region for material removal and a grinding region with abrasive particles for surface finishing. This segmentation allows each region to perform its specific function without interfering with the other, preventing the cutting edge from being contaminated by abrasive particles while still achieving surface finishing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The tool is designed with different properties in different regions: the cutting edge is made from hard material like carbide or tool steel for effective cutting, while the grinding region is coated with abrasive particles for surface finishing. This local differentiation of properties allows each region to optimize its function without compromising the other.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The tool achieves high finish quality and dimensional accuracy in a single machining action, reducing errors and manufacturing time, and eliminating the need for separate cutting and grinding processes, thereby enhancing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of PMC material processing.

Implementation Method 1

the grinding region is made from polycrystalline diamond or cubic boron nitride abrasives and deposited by electroplating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectroplating: Electroplating

Data Source

PatentEP3386666B1Composite machining tool
Publication Date: 2020.02.19 NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY
  • EP3386666B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3386666B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3386666B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A composite machining tool comprising a tool body (101) with at least one cutting edge (102) and at least one grinding region (103). The grinding region is located adjacent to the cutting edge such that there is a gap (110) between the grinding region and the cutting edge and such that when the tool performs a machining action the cutting edge and the grinding region act together on a material surface.