Composite N Layer for Perovskite Solar Cells
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing photovoltaic cells, particularly those with perovskite NIP structures, face challenges in manufacturing due to the high temperature requirements for titanium oxide mesoporous N layers, which are not compatible with substrates like PET, and alternative dense metal oxide layers offer lower performance and require improved charge transfer at the active layer/N layer interface.
Innovation Solution
A composite N layer incorporating metal oxide particles and a pyridinium compound, such as 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium iodide, with a specific mass ratio, enhances charge transfer and is compatible with various substrates, improving photovoltaic conversion efficiency without altering the crystallization kinetics of the active layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a titanium oxide mesoporous N layer is used to improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency, then the conversion efficiency is improved, but the manufacturing temperature must be above 400°C which limits substrate compatibility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the temperature parameter from above 400°C to below 100°C by using a composite N layer with organic-inorganic hybrid material, enabling low-temperature processing while maintaining high photovoltaic conversion efficiency and expanding substrate compatibility to include PET
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite N layer consisting of both organic material (e.g., pyridinium compound) and inorganic material (e.g., metal oxide nanoparticle), combining the advantages of both materials to achieve high efficiency and low-temperature processing capability simultaneously
2Adaptability or versatility
If a dense metal oxide N layer is used to enable low-temperature manufacturing, then substrate compatibility is improved, but photovoltaic conversion efficiency and charge transfer performance decrease
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite N layer combining organic material with inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles, where the organic component enhances charge transfer and the inorganic component provides structural stability, achieving both high efficiency and substrate compatibility
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces metal oxide nanoparticles as discrete phases within the organic matrix, creating local inorganic domains that enhance charge transfer properties while maintaining the overall organic nature of the layer for low-temperature processing
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composite N layer significantly increases photovoltaic conversion efficiency and form factor by optimizing charge transfer, as demonstrated in experimental results, while being compatible with conventional manufacturing processes and substrates, including PET.
Implementation Method 1
The present invention relates to a photovoltaic cell, in particular an organic photovoltaic cell or a perovskite material, containing a composite N layer... the presence of this composite layer makes it possible to improve the performance of the photovoltaic cell, in particular the photovoltaic conversion efficiency
Implementation Method 2
The present invention makes it possible to improve the transfer of charges at the active layer/N layer interface, regardless of the type of cell: organic or perovskite
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a photovoltaic cell comprising successively an N layer, an active layer, and a P layer, the N layer comprising metal oxide particles (np) and at least one pyridinium compound (Pyr-X) of formula C5H4R1NR2+X- in which R1 and R2 are independently of each other a C1-C8 hydrocarbon group and X- is an anion, the N layer having an np/Pyr-X mass ratio between 97/3 and 75/25. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a composite N layer and a method for preparing a photovoltaic cell having a NIP or PIN structure.