Composite Construction Panels with Phase Change Material Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in building and construction applications is limited by disadvantages associated with their phase transitions, which affect the performance and longevity of thermal energy storage in materials used in roofing, solar panels, and other construction elements.
Innovation Solution
Composite construction panels incorporating a substrate layer, a cover layer separated by spacers, and mats with phase change material regions or pouches, arranged in patterns to manage thermal energy and provide insulation, fire retardation, and extended lifespan of construction materials.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If phase change materials are used in construction applications, then thermal energy storage capability is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to disadvantages associated with phase transitions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating distinct zones within the construction panel: phase change material regions for thermal energy storage, vent spaces for pressure relief, and structural layers for mechanical support. Each region has optimized properties for its specific function, allowing the PCM to operate effectively without compromising overall system reliability during phase transitions
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces vent spaces and vent channels as intermediary elements between the phase change material regions and the external environment. These intermediaries manage the pressure and gas byproducts generated during PCM phase transitions, preventing damage to the construction panel while maintaining thermal energy storage functionality
2Duration of action of stationary object
If phase change materials are used in roofing applications, then membrane temperature is reduced and lifetime is extended, but device complexity increases due to additional panel structure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple functions into a single integrated construction panel: the substrate layer provides structural support, the phase change material regions provide thermal energy storage and temperature regulation, the vent spaces manage pressure, and the cover layer provides protection. This consolidation eliminates the need for separate air handling systems and extends membrane lifetime through active thermal management
Solution Approach 2:
The construction panel serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a structural substrate, thermal energy storage device, pressure management system, and protective covering. The phase change material regions specifically target membrane temperature reduction to extend lifetime, while the integrated design avoids adding separate complexity through multi-functionality
3Productivity
If multiple phase change material regions are arranged in array pattern, then thermal energy management efficiency is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the phase change material into multiple discrete regions arranged in an array pattern between the substrate and cover layers. This segmentation allows each region to independently manage thermal energy locally, improving overall thermal management efficiency. The modular array structure, while more complex than a single PCM mass, maintains ease of manufacture through standardized region placement and potential prefabrication
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The panels effectively manage thermal energy, extend the lifespan of roofing and solar panels by maintaining lower average temperatures, and provide fire extinguishing capabilities without the need for additional air handling systems, enhancing efficiency and durability.
Implementation Method 1
latent heat storage has become increasingly important in a wide array of technologies. Latent heat includes thermal energy released or absorbed during a change of state of a material without a substantial change in the temperature of the material
Implementation Method 2
The change of state can include a phase change such as a solid-liquid, solid-gas, liquid-gas, or solid-solid phase change
Implementation Method 3
the spacers of a composite construction panel described herein define one or more vent spaces between the substrate layer and the cover layer of the panel
Data Source
AI summary
In one aspect, composite construction materials are described herein. In some embodiments, a composite construction panel comprises a substrate layer, a cover layer separated from the substrate layer by one or more spacers, and at least one mat disposed between the substrate layer and the cover layer, wherein the mat comprises at least one phase change material disposed in at least one phase change region.