Composite Profiles with Filler-Free Polyurethane Foam

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing processes for producing composite profiles with metal shells and rigid polyurethane foam used in window and door frames face deformation issues during high-temperature surface coating due to gas expansion and thermal expansion differences, and the use of fillers can lead to brittleness, dust formation, and reduced flexibility, especially at low temperatures.

Innovation Solution

A process involving the introduction of polyisocyanate, polyfunctional compounds, formic acid as a blowing agent, and optional flame retardants and catalysts into the hollow space between metal shells and polyamide struts to form a rigid polyurethane foam without inorganic fillers, ensuring complete filling and maintaining mechanical properties and thermal insulation while preventing deformation during high-temperature surface coating.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If mineral fillers are added to counter deformation during surface coating, then deformation is prevented, but brittleness increases and flexibility decreases especially below 0°C

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeformation preventionVSAvoidflexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the harmful mineral fillers from the foam composition while maintaining the deformation-prevention effect through alternative means (optimized blowing agent selection and foam density control), thereby eliminating brittleness and flexibility loss

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by using formic acid as blowing agent and adjusting foam density to 30-80 kg/m³, which alters the foam's thermal and mechanical properties to prevent deformation without requiring mineral fillers that cause brittleness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If mineral fillers are added to counter deformation during surface coating, then deformation is prevented, but dust formation increases during cutting or sawing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeformation preventionVSAvoiddust formation
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes mineral fillers from the foam composition, eliminating the source of dust formation during cutting and sawing operations while maintaining deformation prevention through alternative foam formulation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Manufacturing precision

If hollow space is only partly filled with polyurethane foam to avoid deformation, then deformation is reduced, but thermal insulation properties deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedeformation controlVSAvoidthermal insulation
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the foam density parameter to an optimized range of 30-80 kg/m³ and uses formic acid as blowing agent, enabling complete filling of the hollow space while maintaining both deformation prevention and superior thermal insulation properties

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite structure with metal shells, thermoplastic struts, and optimized polyurethane foam, where the specific foam composition (with formic acid blowing agent) provides both structural stability during coating and enhanced thermal insulation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Reliability

If complete filling with foam is performed to improve insulation, then thermal insulation improves, but deformation occurs during high-temperature surface coating

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal insulationVSAvoiddeformation
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the foam composition parameters including using formic acid as blowing agent and optimizing density to 30-80 kg/m³, which allows the foam to maintain dimensional stability during high-temperature coating while providing excellent thermal insulation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention converts the potential harm of gas expansion during heating into a benefit by selecting formic acid as blowing agent, which produces controlled gas evolution that maintains foam structure integrity during the surface coating process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process produces composite profiles that remain deformation-free during high-temperature surface coating and maintain good mechanical properties at low temperatures, eliminating dust formation and brittleness, with enhanced thermal insulation and processing ease.

Implementation Method 1

one or more blowing agents comprising at least formic acid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

the rigid polyurethane foam being formed by reaction of the following components: A) at least one polyisocyanate, B) at least one polyfunctional compound which is reactive toward isocyanates, C) one or more blowing agents comprising at least formic acid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas generation:

Implementation Method 3

a core comprising rigid polyurethane foam... used, for example, for window frames and doorframes... good mechanical properties even at temperatures below 0° C. and can be cut without dust formation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal insulation: Thermal Insulation

Implementation Method 4

rigid polyurethane foam being formed by reaction of the following components: A) at least one polyisocyanate, B) at least one polyfunctional compound which is reactive toward isocyanates

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Data Source

PatentUS9757885B2Process for producing composite profiles
Publication Date: 2017.09.12 BASF SE

AI summary

The present invention relates to a process for producing composite profiles comprising at least two metal shells which are joined by struts comprising a thermoplastic material and a core comprising rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises introduction of the starting components of the rigid polyurethane foam into a hollow space formed by the metal shells, with the rigid polyurethane foam being formed, and subsequent application of a surface coating to the outer surface of the composite profile by means of a powder coating or baking enamel, where the rigid polyurethane foam is obtained by reaction of the following components:A) at least one polyisocyanate,B) at least one polyfunctional compound which is reactive toward isocyanates,C) one or more blowing agents comprising at least formic acid,D) optionally one or more flame retardants,E) optionally one or more catalysts andF) optionally further auxiliaries or additives,wherein the starting components of the rigid polyurethane foam do not comprise any inorganic fillers.