Composite Propeller Blade Inserts for Rigidity and Delamination Resistance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Turbomachine blades made of composite materials face challenges with delamination due to impacts from foreign bodies and require rigidity for variable-pitch stator stages, which complicates their adaptation to different turbomachine types and performance needs.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating radial and axial inserts within the composite material structure of the blade, arranged in intersecting directions to enhance rigidity and allow for pitch modifications, combined with a manufacturing process that embeds these inserts during resin injection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If the blade uses high-density fibers with high modulus of elasticity to increase rigidity, then the blade can resist vibrations in bending and torsion, but the blade becomes more susceptible to delamination under impact from foreign bodies

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproverigidityVSAvoidresistance to delamination
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a composite fabric structure combining glass fibers and Kevlar® fibers in specific ratios (60-90% glass, 10-40% Kevlar®) to achieve both rigidity and impact resistance. The glass fibers provide stiffness while the Kevlar® fibers absorb impact energy, preventing delamination under foreign object impacts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements different fiber density distributions along the blade height, with higher fiber density (60-90% area coverage) in the lower portion and reduced density (30-70% area coverage) in the upper portion. This local variation optimizes rigidity where needed while reducing weight and improving impact resistance in other regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If the fabric plies are arranged without cuts along the blade surface to improve impact resistance, then delamination weakness is reduced, but the blade becomes heavier and more difficult to manufacture

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresistance to delaminationVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the fabric reinforcement into multiple plies (at least two plies) with different orientations and properties. The first ply has fibers extending in the radial direction while the second ply has fibers extending in the axial direction, allowing each ply to be optimized for specific functions and simplifying the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent varies the fiber orientation angles between plies, with the first ply having fibers at 0° to 30° relative to the radial direction and the second ply having fibers at 0° to 30° relative to the axial direction. This parameter variation optimizes both mechanical performance and manufacturability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If the blade uses a wide chord design with large height and leading-to-trailing edge distance, then thrust performance is improved, but the blade becomes more exposed to foreign body impacts and more difficult to manufacture

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethrust generationVSAvoidexposure to foreign body impacts
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a composite structure with glass fiber/Kevlar® fiber fabric plies embedded in a thermosetting resin matrix, providing both the structural integrity needed for wide chord designs and enhanced resistance to foreign object impacts through the ductile behavior of Kevlar® fibers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies different fiber density distributions along the blade height, with higher density (60-90% area coverage) in the lower portion and reduced density (30-70% area coverage) in the upper portion, optimizing the balance between structural strength and impact resistance in the wide chord configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP3996990B1Propeller blade
Publication Date: 2025.09.03 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP3996990B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3996990B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3996990B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

The present invention relates to a blower vane (1) of a turbomachine, comprising a structure made of composite material which comprises a fibrous reinforcement (11) and a matrix in which the fibrous reinforcement (11) is embedded. The vane (1) comprises a first rigidification insert (20) which extends in a first direction and at least one second insert (21) which is connected to the first in a second direction which is non-collinear with the first direction, the first insert (20) projecting from the vane (1) in order to be connected to a disc of a turbomachine element.