Composite Transport Layer for Stable High-Efficiency Perovskite Cells
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing perovskite solar cells face challenges in achieving high power conversion efficiency and stability due to energy band mismatches and interfacial defects, particularly in the hole transport layer, which are exacerbated by the use of inorganic oxides and organic materials that degrade under prolonged illumination.
Innovation Solution
A composite transport layer comprising a transition layer and a buffer layer, with a coupling agent doping, is introduced to enhance the hole transport layer, maintaining high defect density and mobility while improving conductivity and stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If inorganic oxide materials are used for the hole transport layer to achieve high hole mobility, then power conversion efficiency is improved, but photo-thermal stability deteriorates due to material degradation under prolonged illumination
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite hole transport layer comprising inorganic oxide nanoparticles (such as NiOx, CuO, CuSCN) combined with organic polymer matrices (such as P3HT, PTAA, or their composites). This composite structure leverages the high hole mobility of inorganic materials while the organic matrix provides flexibility and stability, achieving both high power conversion efficiency and improved photo-thermal stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent optimizes the composition ratios, particle sizes, and morphological parameters of the inorganic oxide nanoparticles within the hole transport layer. By controlling these parameters, the material achieves optimal hole mobility while reducing degradation under illumination, thus resolving the contradiction between efficiency and stability.
2Reliability
If organic polymer materials are used for the hole transport layer to improve stability, then photo-thermal stability is improved, but power conversion efficiency deteriorates due to lower hole mobility
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite system where inorganic oxide nanoparticles are dispersed within an organic polymer matrix. The inorganic component provides high hole mobility for efficient charge transport, while the organic polymer ensures stability and flexibility, thereby achieving both high power conversion efficiency and good photo-thermal stability simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces inorganic oxide nanoparticles with specific local properties (high hole mobility) into the organic polymer matrix. This local enhancement of inorganic material properties within the otherwise organic structure allows the material to exhibit both the stability of organics and the high efficiency of inorganics.
3Productivity
If inorganic nanocrystals are used for the hole transport layer to achieve high hole mobility, then power conversion efficiency is improved, but material stability deteriorates due to aggregation during long-term operation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses an organic polymer matrix as an intermediary medium to disperse and stabilize inorganic oxide nanocrystals. This polymer matrix prevents aggregation of the nanocrystals during long-term operation while maintaining their high hole mobility, thus achieving both high efficiency and stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The composite structure of inorganic nanocrystals within an organic polymer matrix leverages the high hole mobility of the nanocrystals while the polymer matrix provides structural stability and prevents aggregation, resolving the contradiction between efficiency and compositional stability.
Data Source
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AI summary
This application relates to a composite transport layer, a perovskite solar cell, and a method for preparation thereof. The composite transport layer comprises a transition layer, a hole transport layer, and a buffer layer sequentially stacked along a light incident direction. A preparation material of the transition layer is NixAySizSnmOn or CuxAySizSnmOn, x>0, y ≥ 0, z≥0, m≥0, n>0, A is aluminum (Al) or boron (B), and the preparation material of the transition layer at least includes any one of A, silicon (Si), or tin (Sn); a preparation material of the hole transport layer is any one of NiOx, CuxO, or CuSCN; and a preparation material of the buffer layer is NiaEbNcOd or CuaEbNcOd, a >0, b≥0, c >0, d≥0, and E is any one of Al, B, Si, zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), or zirconium (Zr). By adopting the composite transport layer, the perovskite solar cell in this application retains the high defect density and high hole mobility of a hole transport material, and enables the perovskite solar cell comprising the composite transport layer to achieve both high power conversion efficiency and long-term photo-thermal stability.