Compressed Air Cooling for Data Center Heat Removal

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Solution Overview

Problem

Data centers face challenges in efficiently managing waste heat and require resource-intensive and time-consuming processes for expanding computing capacity, which is costly and noisy, especially with traditional cooling systems like HVAC and chilled water systems.

Innovation Solution

A compressed air cooling system is implemented, utilizing air storage containers, compressors, and plenums to supply expanded cooled air directly to computer rooms, potentially replacing chilled water systems and refrigerant loops, and incorporating drying devices and control systems to manage airflow and humidity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If traditional HVAC and chilled water systems are used for cooling data centers, then cooling effectiveness is achieved, but device complexity and acoustic noise increase substantially

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the cooling function from complex HVAC systems by using compressed air expansion through nozzles directly at server components. This removes intermediate cooling equipment like chillers, refrigerant loops, and large air handling units, achieving cooling effectiveness while substantially reducing system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical refrigeration systems with a pneumatic system using compressed air expansion. The compressed air, when expanded through nozzles, creates a cooling effect that substitutes for traditional mechanical cooling systems, reducing both complexity and acoustic noise while maintaining cooling effectiveness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Temperature

If traditional HVAC and chilled water systems are used for cooling data centers, then cooling effectiveness is achieved, but acoustic noise exceeds acceptable limits

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidacoustic noise
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes noisy HVAC equipment from the data center environment and replaces it with quiet compressed air expansion nozzles. The cooling function is extracted from large mechanical systems and implemented through small pneumatic components that generate minimal acoustic noise while maintaining cooling effectiveness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Adaptability or versatility

If computing capacity is expanded in a data center using traditional methods, then computing capacity increases, but time and resources required for design, construction, and installation increase substantially

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomputing capacity expansionVSAvoidexpansion time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a universal compressed air cooling infrastructure that can serve multiple server racks and configurations. This multi-functional system allows computing capacity to be expanded by simply adding servers to existing racks rather than designing and installing new cooling systems, dramatically reducing expansion time and resources

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent establishes a pre-configured compressed air cooling infrastructure with storage vessels and distribution systems in place before computing expansion is needed. This preliminary preparation allows rapid deployment of additional computing capacity without the time-consuming process of designing and installing new cooling systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution reduces the need for complex and noisy cooling systems, allows for rapid expansion of computing capacity, and effectively manages waste heat, enhancing operational efficiency and reducing costs and noise levels.

Implementation Method 1

utilizing air storage containers, compressors, and plenums to supply expanded cooled air directly to computer rooms

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdiabatic cooling: Adiabatic Cooling

Data Source

PatentEP2554032B1Compressed air cooling system for data center
Publication Date: 2019.02.20 AMAZON TECH INC
  • EP2554032B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2554032B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2554032B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system for removing heat from components in a computer room of data center includes one or more air storage containers that hold compressed air, one or more compressors that supply compressed air to the air storage containers, and one or more plenums in fluid communication with at least one of the storage containers. At least one of the plenums can supply air to a computer room.