Compression cooling system and method for operating the same

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Solution Overview

Problem

The control of compressor inlet superheat in compression refrigeration systems is challenging due to tolerances in wet steam characteristics, leading to difficulties in maintaining optimal operating conditions and efficiency, especially with refrigerants like R454C that have temperature glide, which affects the coefficient of performance and component longevity.

Innovation Solution

A method is introduced to calculate a correction value for the evaporator outlet superheat setpoint based on the compressor inlet superheat control deviation, allowing for adaptive compensation of systematic tolerances and precise regulation of the expansion valve, ensuring both compressor inlet and evaporator outlet superheat control deviations are zero in steady state, thereby improving control reaction speed and efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional superheat control methods are used, then the control system is simple, but the control precision of compressor inlet superheat is insufficient due to wet steam characteristic tolerances

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressor inlet superheat control precisionVSAvoidcontrol system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback control by continuously measuring the actual compressor inlet superheat and comparing it with the target value, then adjusting the expansion valve opening based on the control deviation. This closed-loop feedback mechanism compensates for wet steam characteristic tolerances and maintains precise superheat control despite system variations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent calculates a predetermined correction value based on the control deviation before making adjustments to the expansion valve. This preliminary calculation allows the system to proactively compensate for deviations rather than reactively adjusting, improving control precision while maintaining systematic operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Measurement precision

If the expansion valve opening is adjusted frequently to maintain superheat, then the superheat control is precise, but the control reaction time is slow

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesuperheat control precisionVSAvoidcontrol reaction time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent calculates a predetermined correction value based on the control deviation and applies it to adjust the expansion valve opening. This preliminary calculation approach allows the system to prepare the correction before execution, reducing the overall reaction time while maintaining control precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms with electronic calculation and control of the expansion valve opening. By using electronic computation to determine the predetermined correction value, the system achieves faster response times compared to traditional mechanical adjustment methods.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If additional components are added to improve superheat control, then the control precision improves, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesuperheat control precisionVSAvoidsystem component complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the control unit perform multiple functions: it calculates the evaporator outlet superheat, determines the compressor inlet superheat target value, calculates control deviations, computes predetermined correction values, and controls the expansion valve. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate dedicated components for each control function, maintaining precision while avoiding increased complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines the superheat control functions with the existing control unit that already manages the refrigeration system. By merging the superheat control logic into the centralized control unit, the system achieves precise control without adding separate standalone components, thus avoiding increased device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Reliability

If the system adapts to individual component tolerances, then the reliability improves, but the control algorithm complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem reliabilityVSAvoidcontrol algorithm complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses feedback control to continuously monitor the actual compressor inlet superheat and adjust the expansion valve opening based on the control deviation. This feedback mechanism automatically adapts to individual component tolerances and system variations, improving reliability through systematic adjustment rather than complex algorithmic predictions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts the expansion valve opening parameter based on the calculated control deviation and predetermined correction value. By changing this key parameter in response to measured conditions, the system adapts to component tolerances and maintains reliable operation without requiring complex algorithms to predict or compensate for variations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the control reaction speed to operating point changes by up to 10 times, optimizing overall response time and refrigeration circuit efficiency, while adapting to individual component tolerances and refrigerant composition deviations, ensuring reliable operation and extended component lifespan.

Implementation Method 1

Internal heat is transferred in an internal heat exchanger, for example, in the form of a recuperator, between the refrigerant flowing at high pressure from the condenser to the expansion valve and the refrigerant flowing at low pressure from the evaporator to the compressor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

The low-pressure refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator by absorbing source heat

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 3

The low-pressure refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator by absorbing source heat

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat absorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 4

a gaseous refrigerant is compressed from a low pressure to a high pressure by a compressor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 5

The refrigerant is forced through the condenser, where it transfers heat to a heating medium located in a heat sink system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 6

The refrigerant is forced through the condenser, where it transfers heat to a heating medium located in a heat sink system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Data Source

PatentEP3922931B1Compression cooling system and method for operating the same
Publication Date: 2024.04.10 STIEBEL ELTRON GMBH & CO KG
  • EP3922931B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3922931B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3922931B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method for controlling a compression refrigeration system (200), in particular a heat pump (100), and an associated compression refrigeration system, comprising the following method steps: determining a target value (ZÜA) for the evaporator outlet superheat (TÜA) and a target value (ZÜE) for the compressor inlet superheat (TÜE), calculating a correction value based on a control deviation of the compressor inlet superheat (TÜE) from the target value (ZÜE) of the compressor inlet superheat (TÜE), correcting the target value (ZÜA) of the evaporator outlet superheat (TÜA) with the calculated correction value, and calculating a control value (R) after a commissioning phase of the compression refrigeration system (200) depending on the target value (ZÜA) of the evaporator outlet superheat (TÜA) and the target value (ZÜE) of the compressor inlet superheat. (TÜE), and control of the expansion valve (230) based on the control value (R).