Compressor Floodback Detection Using Discharge Superheat Monitoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Climate-control systems, such as heat-pump and refrigeration systems, face challenges in efficiently and reliably preventing refrigerant floodback conditions, which can lead to oil dilution and damage to compressors, due to the inability to effectively detect and manage floodback occurrences.

Innovation Solution

A compressor floodback protection system that includes sensors to detect electrical operating parameters, discharge and suction temperatures, and oil temperatures, with a control module that determines the severity of floodback conditions based on calculated discharge-superheat-values and oil dilution levels, issuing warnings or trips as necessary to prevent damage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of moving object

If refrigerant floodback occurs in the compressor, then the compressor can continue operating, but oil dilution and compressor damage occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressor operating continuityVSAvoidcompressor reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The control module continuously monitors discharge temperature and suction temperature to calculate discharge superheat values before floodback causes damage. By detecting abnormal temperature differentials that indicate impending floodback conditions, the system takes preliminary protective action by issuing warnings or tripping the compressor before oil dilution occurs

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses temperature sensors to continuously monitor discharge and suction temperatures, calculates discharge superheat, and feeds this information back to the control module. This feedback loop enables real-time detection of floodback conditions and automatic protective responses, maintaining compressor reliability while allowing continuous operation under normal conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If floodback detection and protection systems are implemented, then compressor damage is prevented, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressor protectionVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The control module performs multiple functions: it controls compressor operation, monitors temperatures, calculates discharge superheat, detects floodback conditions, and issues protective warnings or trips. By making the control module multi-functional, the patent avoids adding separate dedicated floodback detection hardware, thus preventing excessive system complexity while maintaining reliable protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses existing temperature sensors (already present for other climate control functions) to detect floodback conditions. The control module itself performs the detection and protection functions without requiring external dedicated detection devices. This self-service approach prevents complexity increases while achieving reliable floodback protection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system effectively detects and manages refrigerant floodback conditions, preventing oil dilution and compressor damage, thereby ensuring reliable operation and extending the compressor's operating envelope.

Implementation Method 1

The first sensor detects an electrical operating parameter of the motor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical parameter detection: Ohm's Law

Implementation Method 2

The second sensor detects a discharge temperature of working fluid discharged by the compression mechanism

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal detection: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 3

The third sensor detects a suction temperature of working fluid between the evaporator and the compression mechanism

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal detection: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 4

the control module determines whether a refrigerant floodback condition is occurring in the compressor based on a comparison between a calculated discharge-superheat-value and a predetermined discharge-superheat-threshold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature differential measurement: Temperature Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP3417219B1Compressor floodback protection system
Publication Date: 2024.03.27 COPELAND LP
  • EP3417219B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3417219B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3417219B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A climate-control system may include a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a first sensor, a second sensor, a third sensor, and a control module. The compressor may include a motor and a compression mechanism. The condenser receives compressed working fluid from the compressor. The evaporator is in fluid communication with the compressor and disposed downstream of the condenser and upstream of the compressor. The first sensor may detect an electrical operating parameter of the motor. The second sensor may detect a discharge temperature of working fluid discharged by the compression mechanism. The third sensor may detect a suction temperature of working fluid between the evaporator and the compression mechanism. The control module is in communication with the first, second and third sensors and may determine whether a refrigerant floodback condition is occurring in the compressor based on data received from the first, second and third sensors.