Compressor Gap Design to Suppress HFO Refrigerant Disproportionation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants, despite having low global warming potential, are not stable and prone to self-decomposition reactions called disproportionation reactions, which can propagate under certain conditions.

Innovation Solution

Using a composition as a refrigerant in a compressor with a gap dimension of less than or equal to 2 mm in portions where refrigerant flows around ignition energy generation areas, including coils, terminal portions, and bearing portions, and incorporating ethylene-based fluoroolefins such as HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze to suppress disproportionation reactions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If R32 refrigerant is used to achieve high cooling capacity, then cooling performance is improved, but flame hazard increases due to flammability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling capacityVSAvoidflame hazard
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a composite refrigerant formulation combining R134a, R125, and R32 in specific proportions (40-60 mass% R134a, 20-40 mass% R125, 5-15 mass% R32). This composite approach leverages R32's high cooling capacity while R134a and R125 provide flame resistance, achieving both performance and safety goals

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the refrigerant composition parameters by limiting R32 content to 5-15 mass% and adding specific flame retardant components (R125 at 20-40 mass% and R134a at 40-60 mass%). This parameter optimization reduces flammability while maintaining adequate cooling performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If R410A refrigerant is used to achieve non-flammability, then safety is improved, but cooling capacity becomes insufficient compared to R32

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveflammabilityVSAvoidcooling capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite refrigerant that combines flame-resistant R134a and R125 with high-performance R32. The specific formulation (5-15 mass% R32, 20-40 mass% R125, 40-60 mass% R134a) achieves both non-flammability and high cooling capacity by leveraging the complementary strengths of each component

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by using different refrigerant components for different functions: R32 provides high cooling capacity in controlled amounts, while R134a and R125 provide flame resistance. Each component is optimized for its specific role in the composite system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Productivity

If R32 content is increased to improve cooling capacity, then productivity is improved, but compatibility with lubricant and system reliability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling capacityVSAvoidlubricant compatibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the R32 content parameter to 5-15 mass%, which is sufficient to maintain high cooling performance while staying below thresholds that cause lubricant incompatibility and system reliability issues. This parameter optimization balances performance and reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The composite formulation includes R134a and R125 which improve lubricant compatibility and system reliability. The combination allows lower R32 content (5-15 mass%) to be used effectively, maintaining cooling capacity while avoiding the reliability problems associated with high R32 concentrations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Effectively suppresses the propagation of disproportionation reactions even under high-pressure conditions, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.

Implementation Method 1

Use as refrigerant for compressor, compressor, and refrigeration cycle device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase change: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

technical effects: the refrigerant has excellent heat transfer performance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat absorption: Absorption (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP4184078B1Use as refrigerant for compressor, compressor, and refrigeration cycle device
Publication Date: 2026.04.08 DAIKIN INDUSTRIES LTD
  • EP4184078B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4184078B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4184078B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The propagation of a disproportionation reaction of a refrigerant is suppressed. Disclosed is the use of a composition as a refrigerant in a compressor (21), in which the composition includes one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of ethylene-based fluoroolefins, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), and the dimension of a gap (X, Y1, Y2, Z) of a predetermined portion through which the refrigerant flows around an ignition energy generation portion (86a, 98, 98b, 96, 91a, 93a, 84) in the compressor (21) is less than or equal to 2 mm.